1. 7
P A R T C
The Skeleton

2. Cervical Vertebrae
____________ vertebrae
(C1-C7) are the smallest, lightest vertebrae

3. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C1)
Figure 7.16a, b

4. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C2)
Figure 7.17a

5. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Table 7.2.2

6. Thoracic Vertebrae
There are twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) all of which articulate with ribs

7. The five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are located in the small of the back
enhanced weight-bearing function

8. Lumbar Vertebrae
Figure 7.17c

9. Sacrum Sacrum ___________________________ vertebrae:
(S1-S5), which shape the posterior wall of the pelvis
articulates with L5 superiorly, and with the hip bones

10. Coccyx Coccyx (Tailbone)
4 (occasionally 3 - 5) fused vertebrae that articulate superiorly with the sacrum

11. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
thoracic vertebrae –_____________
Ribs- ________
Sternum and costal cartilages- _____________

12. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
Functions:
Forms a _____________________________ around the heart, lungs, and great blood vessels
Supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs
Provides __________________________ for many neck, back, chest, and shoulder muscles
Uses _________________________ muscles to lift and depress the thorax during _____________________________________

13. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
Figure 7.19b

14. Sternum (Breastbone)
A dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the ________________________ midline of the ________________________.

15. Ribs
____________________ pairs of ribs
All ribs attach _________________________ to the thoracic vertebrae
Superior 7 pair (“true ribs”) attach directly to the _______________________ via costal cartilages
Ribs 8-10 (“false ribs”) attach indirectly to the sternum via ______________________________
Ribs (“floating ribs”) have _____________ ________________________________________

16. Thoracic Cage

17. Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs and their girdles:
Pectoral girdles attach the ____________________ to the body trunk
Pelvic girdle secures the __________________________________

18. Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles)
______________________ (“collar bone”) and
______________________ (“shoulder blade”)
attach the upper limbs to the ___________________________ skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement
provide ______________________________ points for muscles that move the upper limbs

19. Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles)
Figure 7.22a

20. Clavicles (Collarbones)
Slender, doubly curved long bones lying across the _______________________________________
The ____________________________ (lateral) end articulates with the scapula, and the ________________________________ (medial) end articulates with the sternum
Provide attachment points for numerous muscles, and act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally away from the body

21. Clavicles (Collarbones)
Figure 7.22b, c

22. Scapulae (Shoulder Blades)
Triangular, flat bones lying on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between the second and seventh ribs

23. Scapulae (lateral view)
Figure 7.22f