2. Axial skeleton
skull (cranium and facial bones)
hyoid bone (anchors tongue and muscles
associated with swallowing)
vertebral column (vertebrae and disks)
thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
Appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle (clavicles and scapulae)
upper limbs (arms)
pelvic girdle (coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx)
lower limbs (legs)

4. ________________________
22 bones in skull
6 in middle ears
1 hyoid bone
26 in vertebral column
25 in thoracic cage +
4 in pectoral girdle
60 in upper limbs
60 in lower limbs
2 in pelvic girdle
________________________
206 bones in all
Axial
Appendicular

5. The Skull
8 sutured bones in cranium
Facial bones: 13 sutured bones, 1 mandible
Cranium
encases brain
attachments for muscles
sinuses

8. Parietal (top and sides) Frontal (forehead) Occipital (base of skull)
The Skull
Bones to know:
Parietal (top and sides)
Frontal (forehead)
Occipital (base of skull)
Zygomatic (cheek bones)
Temporal (above ears)
Sphenoid (between zygomatic and temporal)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
Mandible (lower jaw)
Foramen Magnum
(hole in base of skull for spinal cord)

9. Allows for
growth

10. Vertebral Column
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
1 sacrum (5 fused bones)
1 coccyx (4 fused bones) = tailbone
Vertebrae vary in size and morphology

12. Thoracic Cage
12 pairs of ribs
12 thoracic vertebrae
sternum
costal cartilages
True ribs are directly attached to the sternum
(first seven pairs)
3 false ribs are joined to the 7th rib
2 pairs of floating ribs

14. Clavicles and Scapulae
Help brace shoulders
Attachment sites for muscles

16. Bones of upper limb
Humerus (upper arm)
Radius, ulna (lower arm)
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
(wrist, hands, fingers)

18. Bones of lower limb
Femur (upper leg)
Patella (kneecap)
Tibia, fibula (lower leg)
Tarsals, metatarslas, phalanges
(ankles, feet, toes)

20. Types of Bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

21. Types of Bones
Long (longer than they are wide)
*for movement
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- metacarpals
- metatarsals
- phalanges

22. Types of Bones
Short (as wide as they are long)
*for support and stability with little movement
- carpals
- tarsals

23. Types of Bones
Flat (thin, flattened,
and a bit curved)
*provide protection to vital organs
- sternum
- most skull bones
- scapula
- pelvic bones
- rib bones

24. Types of Bones
Irregular (complicated shapes)
- vertebrate
- sacrum
- mandible

25. Types of Bones
Sesamoid (short or irregular bones, imbedded
in a tendon)
- patella
- pisiform (smallest of the carpals)
- two small bones at the base of 1st metatarsal