1. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle) The pectoral girdle consist of the anterior clavicles and the posterior scapula They attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement They provide attachment points for muscles that move the upper limbs

2. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicle (Collarbone) The clavicle is slender, doubly-curved long bone lying across the superior thorax The acromial (lateral) end articulates with the scapula, and the sternal (medial) end articulates with the sternum They provide attachment points for numerous muscles, and act as braces to hold the scapula and arm out laterally away from the body

3. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

4. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Upper Limb The upper limb consists of the arm (brachium), forearm (antebrachium), and hand (manus) Thirty-seven bones form the skeletal framework of each upper limb

5. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arm

6. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forearm

7. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The hand

8. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pelvic Girdle (Hip)

9. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ilium

10. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ilium

11. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure

12. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Femur The sole bone of the thigh is the femur, the largest and strongest bone in the body It articulates proximally with the hip and distally with the tibia and fibula Major markings include the head, fovea capitis, greater and lesser trochanters, gluteal tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles and epicondyles, linea aspera, patellar surface, and the intercondylar notch

13. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tibia Figure 7.29a, b

14. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The foot