1. Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 1 Session 11 Let’s Bring Everything Together (part 2)

2. Agenda Ubuntu – A very modern Linux History of Unix History of Windows Virtualization Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 2

3. Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 3 Ubuntu

4. Hands-on Exercises Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 4

5. Download Ubuntu Onto Your iMac We are going to download Ubuntu to your MacOS Save the.iso file to your Desktop This will take some time, so we’ll…chat! Then we’ll practice bringing it up under a virtual machine, VMFusion Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 5

6. Downloading Ubuntu http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 6

7. Downloading Ubuntu http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 7

8. Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 8 History of Windows

9. Three Eras of Windows MS-DOS MS-DOS-based Windows NT-base Windows Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 9

10. Major releases in the history of Microsoft operating systems for desktop PCs Releases of Windows Fall 2011 10 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems

11. MS-DOS Late 1970’s Microsoft was the leading provider of the BASIC programming language In 1981 IBM approached Microsoft about licensing it for their new personal computer Microsoft licensed a clone of CP/M to IBM and renamed it MS-DOS 1.0 CP/M was a small operating system, built for the Intel 8080 chip, from Digital Research It was all command line oriented, files followed an 8.3 format, and each drive was identified by a letter, e.g., A: C: Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 11

12. MS-DOS Based Windows Mouse and GUI starts at Xerox PARC and is used commercially on Apple Macintosh in 1984 1990 Microsoft release a successful version of Windows (first two attempts failed) called Windows 3.0 This was not a true operating system But in 1995 they release Windows 95 with virtual memory, process management, multiprogramming, with 32-bit programming interfaces Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 12

13. NT Based Windows Microsoft recruits Dave Cutler from DEC where he was one of the key designers of the VMS operating system Cutler’s new system was called NT for New Technology Designed to be portable across processors and it emphasized security and reliability Created a common API across both MS- DOS-based and NT-based WIndows Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 13

14. NT Based Windows Windows 2000 was the most significant evolution for NT Added plug-and-play and directory services Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 14

15. NT Based Windows Windows XP included a friendlier new look-and- feel to the graphical interface Has become the defacto standard Added very solid servers Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 15

16. Programming Layers in Windows Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 16

17. Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 17 Virtualization

18. Virtual machine technology (virtualization) is more than 40 years old Allows a single computer to host multiple virtual machines (guests) The failure of one machine doesn’t bring down the others Very small and stable code compared to a full operating system Solves the lots-of-little-boxes problem Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 18

19. Early Hypervisor Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 19

20. Two Types of Hypervisor Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 20 (a) A type 1 hypervisor. (b) A type 2 hypervisor

21. Modern Hypervisor Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 21 A hypervisor supporting both true virtualization and paravirtualization

22. Hands-on Exercises Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 22

23. Important URLs ●Xen and the Art of Virtualization - 8 years ago this paper start the modern resurgence in virtualizationXen and the Art of Virtualization ●Xen – everything you ever wanted to know about XenXen ●VMWare – everything you ever wanted to know about XenVMWare ●VMFusion – all about this handy product w/free trialVMFusion ●VMPlayer – a nice free versionVMPlayer ●Virtualbox – a very good free version that comes well with UbuntuVirtualbox Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 23

24. Homework Review the Slides Try To Create An ISO Disk Bring Up Ubuntu and Try It Fall 2011 Nassau Community College ITE153 – Operating Systems 24