1. Copyright TC 310 June 23, 2008

2. Origin of Copyright Constitutional Basis  Like Patents, dislike Trademarks Most recent Copyright Act is 1976 Protects  Author's writings at fixation (not ideas)‏  Limited Time  Expansion to expression  Expansion of authorship

3. Common Law v. Statutory Two ideas of Copyright Common Law  Rights of authors before publication  Perpetual, no limits Statutory  Rights of publisher  Limited time frame 70, 95, 120 years? 1976 Act mostly subsumes Common Law

4. Concepts of Copyright Originality  Not like novel. Does not have be be new  Author wrote it..not copied  Some degree of creativity Expression  Copyright must be beyond idea  Expressed in some manner, tangible

5. Specific Exclusive Rights Reproduction Distribution Derivations Distribution Performance  Digital Transmission Performance

6. Infringement Not copyright holder, perform previous Intentional and Unintentional  Sampling, unconscious inspiration Contributory infringement  Napster/Grokster v Sony Proof  Ownership of Copyright  Evidence of reproduction circumstantial

7. Fair Use Balancing Act Considerations  purpose/character of use  Nature of copyrighted work  Proportion taken  Impact of taking Free speech, satire, education

8. Telecommunication Application Digital Copyright infringement (piracy)‏  Digital copies are “perfect”  End-to-End Internet  International nature Harms copyright holders  Songwriters Guild of America  Motion Picture Association of America  Recording Industry Association of America

9. Possible Solutions DoJ bringing suits  Intellectual Property Task Force  15 Months jail time Individual suits  $150,000 per song  Average settlement is $3,000 ISP monitor traffic Embedded security code

10. Creative Commons Not to be confused with Spectrum Allocation Alternative to current  Full copyright  Partial  No rights reserved Solves problem?  All claim full  Optimistic?

11. Take Away Influence of Internet  Rethought telecommunications  Rethink Intellectual property Sources of resistance  Major studios/recorders, publishers  Common folk (maybe you)‏ Role of Broadband  More broadband, more problems