1. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Part 2 Insight into the application and use of Geotechnology for National Statistics Organizations in Africa Produced in Collaboration between World Bank Institute and the Development Data Group (DECDG)

2. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. These days, GIS departments at NSOs are often required to analyse health information collected either by the NSO itself or provided by external users The use of GIS in Health Like geographers, health practitioners concern themselves with the WHERE? question Where should we build the next primary care clinic? Where are the agents that are causing this disease? Where can we intervene to improve health services delivery or where can we implement HIV intervention programmes? It is not only the absence of disease – also the state of physical, social, emotional wellbeing of communities and individuals The geographic context for health data analysis is the environments within which communities and persons function in and can include – Residence Workplace Place of recreation….etc.

3. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. The importance of WHERE? This map is a digital recreation of Dr. Snow’s hand-drawn map. The 1854 cholera deaths are displayed as small black circles. The grey polygon represents the former burial plot of plague victims. The Broad Street pump (shown in the centre of the map) proved to be the source of contaminated water, just as Snow had hypothesized. (From: Maged N Kamel Boulos, School for Health, University of Bath )

4. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Health mapping on the web The MARA/ARMA collaboration

5. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Health mapping on the web The HealthMap Initiative

6. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Health mapping on the web Updated disease outbreak location - worldwide The location as well as the nature and date of the disease outbreak is provided

7. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of GIS and Health Geographic analysis of incidence or prevalence Source: http://www.hivspatialdata.net

8. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of GIS and Health Analysis of water borne disease distribution From Williams, 2003 Origin of chlorine leak/spill Evacuated homes

9. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of GIS and Health Mapping vector borne disease distribution

10. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of GIS and Health From Amit Patel, 2009 Service availability mapping

11. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Agricultural data is usually readily available at NSOs and can therefore be analysed using GIS The use of GIS in Agriculture Integration of GPS and Remote Sensing technology has increased the prominence of use of Geotechnology for agriculture GPS technology enables precision farming practices and detailed field and crop data collection and crop yield readings Near infrared (NIR) imagery enables users to identify stressed or diseased vegetation or the growth stage of vegetation

12. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Exponential increase in population – we have to feed 8 billion humans by 2030 Why use GIS for Agriculture? Inefficient use of arable land, water and resources

13. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Precision farming and crop monitoring Uses of GIS in Agriculture Agricultural surveys Soil mapping Land use and watershed management Water quality management Forestry management Aquatic life monitoring and management Vegetation and livestock monitoring Crop health analysis and disease analysis Chemical and fertiliser application distribution Insect infestation and hail/fire damage monitoring

14. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of GIS in Agriculture Using GPS and GIS to map crop and field boundaries

15. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examining flood plains Notice these crops inside the flood plain Examples of GIS in Agriculture

16. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examining soil types Examples of GIS in Agriculture

17. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Tree grading for orchards The right side of the image is not processed Tree with related database entries These areas needs tree replacement Examples of GIS in Agriculture

18. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Management zone delineation These identified zones indicate the possibility of drainage or disease problems within the field. Note the vegetation is less dense in these zones Examples of GIS in Agriculture

19. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Vegetation Indices In this example, the use of a vegetation index enables scientists to identify areas on the African continent which are in danger of desertification. Source: www.fao.org Examples of GIS in Agriculture

20. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Precision Agriculture Precision Farming turns a 10000 square meter field to 10000 fields of 1 square meter each … With precision farming instead of managing whole fields as a single unit, management is customized for small areas within fields.

21. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Geotechnology emerged from humble beginnings to a diverse and powerful technology Conclusion It is an essential technology for NSOs that enables them to fulfil their mandate more accurately and efficiently Increased access to Internet and increased bandwidth in Africa will drive the awareness of geotechnology in Africa As in the developed world, the need for spatial information will become the norm How are you going to use Geotechnology?