1. CHAPTERS 7-8 (p. 229—297) Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century.

2. Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century. Timeline: 1870’s—1900’s Issues our nation faced: continued Industrialization Urbanization (cities, infrastructure) Immigration (new faces and new cultures) The status of women and minorities Political Events

3. Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century. What potential problems and successes exist with each group of issues? What are some ways those problems and successes might be handled? How might life change for people involved in each group?

4. Urbanization and Immigration Things to consider: 1. What kind of services would you need in order to make life in a new place? 2. Where might you find work, or training, for a job you are unskilled for? 3. Would you feel uncertain about accepting help from strangers? Why or why not?

5. Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century. Why might people be so resistant to change? examples: cell phones, computers (desktop to laptop), HDTV, others? What advantages and disadvantages come with living in developed and industrialized areas?

6. Urbanization and Immigration I.New people in a new land A. reasons to immigrate B. Europeans 1. between 1870 and 1920==20,000,000 2. mostly Irish, Italian, and Russian (Slavic) 3. several were Jewish

7. Urbanization and Immigration I. New people in a new land C. Asian 1. Chinese and Japanese 2. gold rush and railroads 3. Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese D. West Indies and Mexico 1. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica 2. Mexico—political unrest E. map, p. 255

8. Urbanization and Immigration II. How Did Immigrants Get to the U.S.? A. steamship B. Ellis IslandEllis Island 1. medical exam 2. documents C. Angel Island (video clip #1) (video clip #2)Angel Islandvideo clip #1video clip #2 D. conditions at both were harsh and time consuming

9. Urbanization and Immigration III.What did they do once they were here? A.“simple survival” B.sought those with similar values, religion, and/or language. C.growth of ethnic communities D.“hyphenated Americans” E. “melting pot”

10. Urbanization and Immigration IV.Did anyone help the immigrants? A. The Social Gospel Movement 1. led mostly by women 2. settlement houses a. education b. “acculturation” 3. Jane Addams—Hull House in Chicago 4. Janie Porter Barrett—Locust Street Social Center in Virginia.

11. Urbanization and Immigration IV.Did anyone help the immigrants? B. The Americanization Movement --Frances Kellor 1. promoted assimilation 2. created Social Centers in ethnic communities. 3. many programs were actually suggested by immigrants

12. Urbanization and Immigration IV.Was everyone happy to have the immigrants here? A. “nativism” B. “right vs. wrong” immigrants C. religion vs. ethnicity D. WASP and The Second Ku Klux Klan E. labor issues F. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) G. Gentleman’s Agreement

13. Urbanization and Immigration V.What is “urbanization”? A. rapid and uncontrolled growth of cities EX: map of New York, p. 263 B. Why did it happen in the U.S.? 1. southern farmers moved 2. African-Americans moved (“The Great Migration”) 3. immigrants

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15. VI.What problems happened in the cities? A. Housing 1. tenements 2. row houses B. transportation C. water D. sanitation E. crime F. fire

16. Urbanization and Immigration I. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help women? A. supported labor leaders and pro-labor political candidates. B. Lowell Textile Mills, Massachusetts

17. Urbanization and Immigration I. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help women? C. Mary Harris “Mother” Jones 1. supported UMW 2. child labor laws D. Pauline Newman (16) 1. ILGWU--1909 2. Triangle Shirt Factory--1911

18. Urbanization and Immigration II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities? A. educational opportunities remained minimal B. HBCU’s (Howard, Fisk, Atlanta) C. Booker T. Washington—Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. D. W.E.B. duBois and The Niagara Movement.

19. Urbanization and Immigration II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities? E. voting restrictions 1. poll taxes 2. “grandfather” clauses 3. literacy tests

20. Urbanization and Immigration II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities? F. Jim Crow laws 1. forced segregation 2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 3. resurgence of Klan activity

21. Urbanization and Immigration I.How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? A. New inventions 1. 1876: Thomas Alva Edison and the filament for the light bulb. 2. 1867: Christopher Sholes and the typewriter 3. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone.

22. Urbanization and Immigration I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? B. New construction 1. Louis Sullivan—skyscrapers 2. Daniel Burnham—The Flatiron Building (1902)

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25. Urbanization and Immigration ? I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? C. Electric transportation 1. Streetcars (mules to cables) 2. 1888—Richmond, Virginia 3. “El” trains (Chicago) 4. led to growth of suburbs and commuting to work.

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31. Urbanization and Immigration I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? D. Urban Planning 1. Frederick Law Olmstead 2. parks, family areas, “designated lands” for specific purposes. 3. Washington, DC

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33. I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? E. Printing 1. easier and much cheaper 2. electricity 3. more books meant a more literate society

34. Urbanization and Immigration I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? F. Newspapers A. Joseph Pulitzer B. William Randolph Hearst

35. Urbanization and Immigration I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? G. Shopping 1. department stores 2. chain stores 3. catalogs and “rural free delivery” (RFD)

36. Urbanization and Immigration I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? H. Airplanes 1. Orville and Wilbur Wright 2. December 17, 1903—Kitty Hawk, N. C.

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38. I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? G. Photography 1. George Eastman--Eastman Kodak 2. first “portable” camera ($25.00)

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40. I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? H. Recreation 1. spectator sports 2. leisure sports like cycling and tennis 3. amusement parks a. Chicago World’s Fair (1883) b. Coney Island (1884)

41. Urbanization and Immigration II. What improvements were made in education? A. By 1895, 12-16 weeks of “formal education” was required. B. school was strict and rigid (p. 283) C. William Torrey Harris promoted early learning programs and kindergartens. D. Less than half of all African-American children attended school.

42. Urbanization and Immigration II. What improvements were made in education? E. High Schools 1. with industrial and urban growth, new skills were required. 2. vocational training (skill) for men and women (office).

43. Politics from 1877-1900 I.Election of 1876 A. Rutherford B. Hayes (R) Samuel Tilden (D) B. Electoral college vote 1. Hayes and Tilden tied in EC votes 2. Tilden agreed to a compromise

44. Politics from 1877-1900 II.Election of 1880 A. James A. Garfield (R) Winfield Hancock (D) B. assassination of Garfield 1. The Pendleton Act a. created the Secret Service b. created the Civil Service 2. Chester Arthur

45. Politics from 1877-1900 III.Election of 1884 A. Grover Cleveland (D) James Blaine (R) B. candidate integrity

46. Politics from 1877-1900 IV.Election of 1888 A. Benjamin Harrison (R) Grover Cleveland (D) B. tariffs on businesses

47. Politics from 1877-1900 IV.Election of 1892 A. Grover Cleveland (D) Benjamin Harrison (R) James Weaver (P) B. silver vs. gold—which would be used to support our paper money.

48. Politics from 1877-1900 V.Election of 1896 A. William McKinley (R) William Jennings Bryan (D) B. Campaign style

49. Politics from 1877-1900 VI.Other political activities A. political machines/ political bosses *Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall B. voter fraud C. graft *using political office for personal gain D. patronage (“the spoils system”)