1. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable development in North Africa interactions between the three economic, social and environmental components Sustainable Development in North Africa – Expert group meeting -ECA NA- Tunis, 18-21 November 2007

2. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 2 few concepts and definitions Sustainable development:simple definitions complex implications common sense solutions development that "meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

3. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 3 Common sense solutions Operational implications: Economic, social and environmental components Who decides for future generations Involve all stakeholders: governments, the private sector (SMEs), civil society (NGOs) and demographic potential, researchers, regional and international organizations Synchronize national strategies with regional and international environment Call on facilitators: PPPs, knowledge sharing, ITCs

4. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 4 Economic growth but full not potential  unemployment Education and training 1. Low productivity  low wages 2. Inadequacy bwn private sector needs  waste of resources and graduates Indicators Vectors Actors Source: Misc (see report).

5. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 5 Ecology doesn’t mean just costs Textiles & garments sector a good example Important in economies of the region Challenged by globalization Good market signals: consumer needs and SD concerns Environment protection considerations are becoming as important as price and production issues Indicators Vectors Actors Source: Misc (see report).

6. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 6 Agriculture and rural development Strategic/MDGs Around 10%, often more, of GDP 80 to 90% of water resources 25% of labor force 50% of the population Lagging Few, sometimes no, economic activities Lack of infrastructure (education, health, transport, elec.) Agricultural policies worrying more about urban than rural Unresolved debates Food security, virtual water, what kind of income generating activities Indicators Vectors Actors

7. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 7 Agriculture and rural development Exogenous factors Desertification World demand, prices of cereals Climate change International community is now involved World Bank (green revolution) ECA (although for quite a while) Support of national initiatives (INDH) Indicators Vectors Actors Biodiversity and climate change Key indicators Synergies with desertification

8. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 8 Social policies Allocate the benefits of growth Poverty prevention rather than alleviation Spatial distribution (rural vs urban: subsidies) Generational distribution (environment but also deficits, retirement plans Price of gas: taxes and government budgets real prices (optimal allocations of resources vs purchasing power and competitiveness Indicators Vectors Actors

9. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 9 Indicators Vectors Actors Infrastructure Energy Water Education, R&D Communication and trade Environment/“Foreign entity” Natural resources NA oil producing as well as non producing (federating theme) Renewable energies, positive impact on environment + econ. CC and electricity shortages as heavy reliance on hydropower Conventional + non conventional connections (TREC) Supply is important but managing demand is vital Shared resources (federating theme) Dignity Innovation, enable the actors (young, women, researchers)

10. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 10 Monitoring and evaluation Measure achievements against objectives and adjust when necessary Crisis management Otherwise development/survival whole regions/countries at stake NA: climate change and Seismic Hazard Knowledge management and sharing Manage knowledge Disseminate knowledge Share experiences, learn from others (successes + errors ECA, leading role, COPs PPPs: cost and efficiency for all actors Indicators Vectors Actors

11. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 11 Indicators Vectors Actors Decision makers: legitimacy Youth: demographic windows of opportunity Women: 50% and know-how in NA Migrants, positive impact on development

12. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 12 Indicators Vectors Actors Private sector Engine of growth SMEs fragile but yet dynamic Hasn’t reached full potential, loss of opportunities NA Intra-regional trade low Low share in job creation, public sector still leader Source: Misc (see report).

13. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 13 Regional and international organizations ECA + UMA + CEN SAD Public goods Synergies between the three conventions Indicators Vectors Actors

14. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable Development in North Africa – The three economic, social and environmental components - Karim Laraki, ECA-NA 14 Comments please Thank you Karim Laraki klaraki@uneca.org