3. “Dark Continent”—racist terminology referred to both the peoples of Africa and their alleged ignorance In reality, Africa has always had diverse groups of people with their own unique cultures and histories – Civilizations – Languages – Religions

4. What is it? – Seeking out new territories to expand power around the world. Who were the “imperialists” ? – Europeans Result? – Only two independent nations in Africa by the start of WWI (1914)

5. Africa 1890

6. Africa 1914

7. Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Humanitarian Reasons “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism European Racism Industrial Revolution

8. 1.Economic Needs – A need for raw materials that were not domestically available and those raw materials were abundant in Africa. – Industrial Revolution – place to dump manufactured goods 1.Economic Needs – A need for raw materials that were not domestically available and those raw materials were abundant in Africa. – Industrial Revolution – place to dump manufactured goods

10. 2.Social Darwinism – “Survival of the Fittest” – Only the strongest nations survive and only the strongest nations have colonies in Africa

13. 3.Missionaries – “The White Man’s burden” – Europeans felt that they needed to civilize the rest of the world. They also felt that they needed to convert everyone in Africa to Christianity

14. Term comes from Rudyard Kipling's famous poem, which begins: Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

16. 4.Adventure – Inspired by stories of excitement & adventure – David Livingston & Henry Stanley

17. Scottish missionary Explored central Africa – Named Lake Victoria after the British queen – Converted many Africans to Christianity – Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign interest 1871 – reported “lost” – “Found” by Henry Stanley

18. Tanganyika Lake Lake Victoria

19. Welsh reporter “Found” Dr. Livingstone in Africa – “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” Explored Africa (for King Leopold) – Congo River – Lake Tanganyika – Lake Victoria

20. There was so much competition for land in Africa, Europeans feared a war – Held Berlin Conference to carve up Africa – Sounds like a good idea…. But no one consulted the Africans!

21. 1.Any sovereign power which wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers “in order to... make good any claim of their own.” 2.Any such annexation should be validated by effective occupation. 3.Treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty.

24. 1.Summarize the four motivations for European imperialism in Africa 2.What were Livingstone & Stanley know for? 3.What occurred at the Berlin Conference?

25. Cape Colony (now South Africa) obtained after fighting the Boer War with the Dutch Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) – Named for Cecil Rhodes Bechuanaland (now Botswana) – 1885 – became a British protectorate

26. British businessman & politician in S. Africa Made fortune from African diamond mines DeBeers Diamonds Established South African Company which became Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) Becomes prime minister of Cape Colony (S. Africa) – Wanted Cape-to-Cairo Railroad Architect of British imperialism in southern Africa

29. I contend that we (the British) are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race… It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses. – Cecil Rhodes, Confession of Faith 1877

33. Egypt Sudan – split between French & British Nigeria Ghana Sierra Leone Kenya Part of present day Libya

35. Algeria Tunis (present day Tunisia) Morocco Madagascar Somaliland West Africa – Late 1800s – largely under French control Sudan – split between the French & British

36. By World War I – 1914 – France controlled 3,250,000 square miles in Africa 14 times the area of France – France ruled 30,000,000 Africans 75% of the population of France

37. Togoland (now Togo & Ghana) Cameroons (now Cameroon & Nigeria) Southwest Africa (now Namibia) East Africa (now Burundi, Rwanda, & Tanzania)

38. Eritrea (along the Red Sea) Somaliland (along the Indian Ocean, part of today’s Somalia) Defeated in attempt to conquer Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Libya

41. Villagers who failed to meet the rubber collection quotas had to pay with their hand. Belgian soldiers used to shoot a bullet through their hand, but then decided to cut them off to spare the expense of ammunition.

44. Led the early trans-Atlantic African slave trade from: – Angola – Mozambique

45. Spain had very few possessions in Africa Tip of Morocco Western Sahara

46. By the time of the First World War (1914) – Only 2 independent African countries Abyssinia (Ethiopia) – Ruled by dynasty stretching back to at least the 13 th century Liberia – Formed by freed slaves under auspices of the United States government

47. 1.Africa was divided without respect to culture, ethnicity, and tribal boundaries – Artificial borders – Caused continued conflict – Undermined traditional family life 2.Ruined traditional African Tribal governments, which has led to UNSTABILITY – Many civil wars and cruel leaders

48. 4.Europe exploited and depleted Africa’s raw materials for their own purposes 5.Treated Africans with extreme brutality 6.Left Africa with a desire for modern technology and the same living standard as westerners – BUT, with little means to achieve those standards

50. Exam on Intro. to Africa and Imperialism. STUDY!!!!