1. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Human Communication, 7 th Edition Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York

2. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Eleven: Public Speaking Preparation (Steps 1–6) This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: - any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; - preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; - any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

3. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Eleven Goals Manage your apprehension Select and narrow topic and purpose Analyze audience and adapt speech accordingly Research topic Organize speech

4. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature of Public Speaking One individual addressing a rather large group In a continuous discourse In a face-to-face situation Types: sales presentations, teaching, preaching, and company presentations

5. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Enhances social, academic, and career skills Enriches personal and professional competency Equips you to organize, explain, develop, and improve how you put together clear, credible, and supported ideas for various audiences Makes you a better listener Benefits and Skills of Public Speaking

6. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Dealing with Communication Apprehension Strategies for reducing your stage fright include… Gain experience Think positively Be realistic See it as a conversation Focus on listeners Stress similarities Project confidence Prepare and practice Move about and breathe Avoid chemicals to cope

7. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Steps in Public Speaking Preparation and Delivery

8. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 1—Selecting… Purpose Decide general purpose: to inform, to persuade Focus Specific Purpose: identify what you want audience to believe, think, or do according to your guidance and information Topic Choose topics that interest you by brainstorming, creating lists, reading the news Make sure your topic is appropriate in scope and depth for your presentation

9. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 2—Analyze the Audience Sociology Cultural Factors Age Gender Lifestyle and social status Religion and religiousness Psychology How willing, favorable and knowledgeable is your audience?

11. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Analysis and Adaptation during the Speech Focus on listeners as message senders Ask “what if” questions Address audience responses directly

12. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 3—Researching Your Topic Always critically evaluate your information: Is it current, fair, logical, objective? Libraries: Newspapers, journals, magazines, reference material Internet: Electric libraries, online databases, online journals, search engines Computer: Review CD-ROM/DVD reference material Integrate research into your speech, but avoid plagiarizing someone else’s work.

13. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 4—Formulate Your Thesis Thesis is the main idea you want to convey to your audience Identify Your Main Points Eliminate points that seem least important to thesis Combine points that have a common focus Select points that are most relevant to your audience Use two, three, or four main points at most Phrase points in parallel style Develop distinct main points

14. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 5—Support Your Main Points Examples, illustrations, and testimonies Definitions Statistics (summary figures) Presentation aids (charts, graphs, tapes, CDs) Logical support Motivational support Credibility appeals

15. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 6—Organize Your Information Time pattern—in the order of events Spatial pattern—trips or building descriptions Topical pattern—subjects that are linked together Problem-solution pattern Cause-effect/effect-cause pattern Motivated sequence

16. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Motivated Sequence Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action (for persuasive speeches)

17. Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Other Thought Patterns Structure-Function Comparison and Contrast Pro and Con Claim and Proof Multiple Definition Who? What? Why? Where? When? Fiction-Fact