1. Africa

2. African views on Westernization Many traditional Africans don't like the idea of westernization. Many view it as corrupt and think that they put too much importance on money, and not enough care for the community

3. Apartheid was the institutionalized racial segregation of South Africa from the rise of Nationalist party in 1948 until the election of its first black president, Nelson Mandela, in 1994. Under the apartheid system, white South Africans were automatically members of an extremely privileged class, while blacks were forced to live in poverty. These laws were enforced very strictly. For a black South African, improving the quality of life was, for all intents and purposes, impossible, thanks to things like unfairly high taxes, brutal enforcement of movement restrictions, and officials who took advantage of the blacks' lack of education to limit their rights even further. Because of all of this, both blacks and whites started to resist apartheid. This resistance sometimes resulted in tragedy, such as the Sharpeville massacre, and the Soweto massacre, these were due to the actions of law enforcers, as the protests were intended to be peaceful. Apartheid

4. End of Apartheid Apartheid ended peacefully in 1991 President F.W. DeKlerk freed Nelson Mandela from prison

5. Effects of Apartheid Although the policy of segregation has officially ended, the economic gap between the rich and the poor remains to this day However, thanks in large part to President Mandela, black and white South Africans have made a massive effort to leave the past in the past, and work towards improving life for all South Africans.

6. Political Challenges After independence The biggest problem was building national unity People had strong family ties and a strong connection with villages Economic issue were also a problem Some lived in areas rich with resources and others had to survive off poor farming

7. 2 effects of European rule in Africa 1. The Europeans left a foundation for a modern economy and government in the Africa nations 2. Infrastructure: new roads, railroads, schools, hospitals 3. Loss of power in local governments and loss of local leadership

8. Difficulty building national unity Many nations had problems with conflicting ethnic groups. The Governments had problems with corruption

9. Common Issues Food & Water- As the international organization Oxfam describes: 12 million people are in dire need of food, clean water, and basic sanitation. Loss of life on a massive scale is a very real risk, and the crisis is set to worsen over the coming months Conflict- There have been over 9 million refugees and internally displaced people from conflicts in Africa. Hundreds and thousands of people have been slaughtered from a number of conflicts and civil wars. AIDS- AIDS in Africa is said to be killing more people than conflicts. It causes social disruption as children become orphaned and it affects many already-struggling economies as workforces are reduced.