1. Europe

2. 1.1 Physical Geography
Europe is made up of several peninsulas with varied land regions and climates
Large Peninsula- Western Eurasian
Smaller Peninsulas
Italian
Scandinavian
Iberian

4. 1.1 Physical Geography
Europe also consists of many significant islands
Great Britain
Ireland
Iceland
Greenland
Sicily & Crete
Corsica

5. 1.1 -Physical Geography Four major land regions of Europe
Western Uplands – stretch from the Scandinavian peninsula to Spain and Portugal
Northern European Plain- lowlands that reach across northern Europe
Central Uplands
Alpine- consists of the Alps and several other mountain ranges

7. 1.1 -Climate
Europe has a mostly a humid temperate climate. Factors that influence that climate:
North Atlantic Drift- warm water current
Sirocco winds- winds that blow across Mediterranean Sea that bring wet weather to southern Europe
Mistral winds- cold, dry winds that blow across France

8. Climates of Europe
Mediterranean – western Europe has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; provides an extended growing season
Humid Continental- eastern Europe has warm, wet summers and long cold winters
Polar- Iceland, Greenland, and northern Scandinavia have cool summers and long, cold winter; very short growing season

10. 1.2- Europe’s Coastline
Trade- goods, ideas and religions have been moved throughout the world from the many ports of Europe
Industry- fishing, ship building, harbors and even agriculture( polders).
Exploration- around the world for wealth, religion and empires
Settlement- almost every continent

11. 1.3- Mountains Mountains Alps- Switzerland, Germany and France
Pyrenees- separate France and Spain
Apennines- run along the Italian peninsula
Carpathian- extend through Poland, Romania, and Ukraine
All of these mountains provide natural resources( forestry, mining and agriculture)

15. 1.3- Rivers Many navigable rivers used for transportation and trade
Danube – flows through ten countries from the Alps to the Black Sea
Rhine- flows from the Alps of Switzerland and Germany to the North Sea
Canals have been built to connect rivers and form waterways across Europe

16. 1.3 - Plains
Northern European Plain – stretches from France all the way to Russia
Provides fertile soil
Many large farms
Location of most large cities in Europe

17. 1.4 Protecting the Mediterranean Sea
Human activities have a negative affect:
Over fishing
Pollution
Over development of coast- erosion
What’s being done?
Marine reserves
Fishing quotas
Stricter pollution controls