1. Sustainable Development of Megacities: A Mega-Challenge for China and the World Tuesday, May 8, 2012 – ICM, International Congress Center, Munich, Room 4 中国城市污染土地的可持续利用： 问题与对策 Sustainable use of urban contaminated land in China: Problems and Countermeasures Prof. Fasheng Li Prof. Fasheng Li Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

2. Land: important natural resource PopulationTotal area Forestry- cover rate Main type of land use 1.3 billion 9,600,000 km 2 18.2%* Agricultural activities *Worldwide average forestry-cover rate reaches 31% Comparison with the adjacent countries like Russia, Japan, Korea and the worldwide level Russia Japan Europe CHINA

3. Since 1980, the annual average economic growth in China: >9% (GDP) Wastewater discharges Solid waste discharges Waste gases emission In the meantime, waste generations and discharges have increased rapidly. The serious situation that Chinese Government has to be faced with is: Pressure of population Lack of sufficient land resources Further land deterioration and serious soil contamination

4. 2000 Rapid extension of cities -- Beijing 1984

5. Contaminated sites due to abandoned factories and relocation

6. Landfill sites Non-sanitary landfills were very popular throughout the country before 1990s, which led to serious contamination of soil and goundwater by the leachates.

7. Industrial residual sites

8. UST ( Underground Storage Tank ) sites

9. Majority of world’s electronic wastes India Emerging environmental problems

10. Contaminated sites due to waste disposal Petroleum Petrochemicals Contaminated sites Manufacturing (factories) Chemicals spill others Estimated share of contaminated sites in China (According to preliminary estimation )

11. Management of contaminated sites in Western Europe-Topic report, European Environment Agency ( 1999 ) Germany: Contaminated sites Estimated total-240,000 Identified-202,880 ? Number of potentially contaminated sites Number of proven contaminated sites Up to now, no registers and inventories have been established in China

12. Risk assessment and remediation of contaminated sites have become governments’ priority strategies in developed countries; Superfund in United States “Brownfield” Program in the United Kingdom …………….. International experiences

13. Soil contamination in urban area may lead to damage of human health through many pathways. Contaminant receptor Exposure pathway risk Concept of Soil environmental risk

14. Cost-effective techiques is unavailable in China. Commercialization and industrialization for remediation of contaminated sites is undeveloped in China.

15. Establishment of national inventory for urban contamiated sites Identification of policy priorities in urban contamiated sites management and sustainable reuse Conducting risk assessment of urban contaminated sites Establishment of standard system for risk assessment and remediation of urban contaminated sites Developing effective funding mechanism for site remediation and management Promoting the commercialization and industrialization of remediation technologies Effective international cooperation Challenges & Solutions

16. Site survey and risk assessment of contaminated sites HCB β-HCH DDT

17. Development of site remediation criteria using RBCA for Beijing, China (mg/kg) inorganicsPesticides & POPs VOCs SVOCs

18. Bioremediation of petrochemicals contaminated sites 1 2 3 4 5 Practices in Remediation of contaminated sites in China

19. International workshops on risk assessment and remediation of urban contaminated sites in recent years in China

20. German Technical Cooperation ， GTZ Training course on remediation and risk management of urban contaminated sites in China Closing Remarks Rapid economic growth has caused serious problem of urban contaminated sites in China. It is sure that the increasing economic power will give excellent solutions to this problem.

21. Thank you for your attention! lifs@craes.org.cn 自然和谐 厚积薄发