1. The Cowboys, Miners, and Ranchers

2. Who were the cowboys? ► 20% were Mexicans ► 15-30% were freed slaves ► Many were former Confederate soldiers

3. How much did they earn? ► About 80 cents a day What was their diet like? Stew made of beans and poor cuts of beef and the brains and Intestines of cattle

4. What were his most important possessions? ► A hat with a wide brim, which cost him up to 3 months of pay ► Chaps to protect him while he rode ► Saddle ► Lariat or rope ► Boots ► Bandana to filter out dust ► Spurs ► Vest, because he could not reach his pockets ► The horse was usually provided when he signed on to work.

5. The Long Drive and the Markets ► Mining camps, the Army, and Eastern cities were the largest markets for cattle ► The goal of the long drive was to get the cattle from Texas where they could be sold for $3-5 to the railroads where they could be sold for $30-50. ► Trails like the Chisholm, Goodnight-Loving, Shawnee, and the Western were the standard routes.

6. The Ranchers ► At first, ranchers kept track of their cattle by using brands. ► As soon as settlers started to farm on land plots, ranchers hand to abandon “free range” cattle ► They used barbed wire to cheaply fence off their land and to prevent the cattle from roaming

7. Cattle prices drop ► Oversupply of cattle ► Investors from Britain and the East ► Blizzards in 1886-1887 ► THESE ALL AFFECTED CATTLE PRICES AND LED TO THE END OF THE LONG DRIVES AND THE OPEN RANGE.

8. The Miners ► What events led to the influx of miners? ► Look on page 289 in the book.  What was the origin of the cattle trails?  In which direction did the railroads run?  Why were the following cities important? ► TOMBSTONE ► LEADVILLE ► WICHITA ► SUTTER’S MILL

9. THE BIG PICTURE ► HOW DID COWBOYS, MINERS AND RANCHERS HELP SETTLE THE WEST?

10. What now??? ► YOUR WORK FOR TOMORROW IS TO WRITE DOWN THE BOLD WORDS FOUND IN CHAPTER 8 “MINERS AND RANCHERS” AND PUT THEM IN THE RIGHT CATEGORIES