1. Population Genetic Hardy-Wienberg Law Genetic drift Inbreeding Genetic Bottleneck Outbreeding Founder event Effective population size Gene flow

2. Population Genetics Genotype, phenotype locus, genotype frequency, allele frequency

3. Determining the genotype for an enzyme in a fish.

4. IDHP (isocitrate dehydrogenase) from a grasshopper Individuals 1 2 3... AA aa Aa

5. Genotype and Phenotype Genotypes  AA, aa (Homozygous), Aa (Heterozygous)‏ Phenotype trait X = AA and Aa, trait Y = aa Alleles  A and a If p = proportion of allele A and if q = proportion of allele a Then p+q = 1 Knowing p and q the Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium gives the expected frequency of the three genotypes as: (p+q) 2 = p 2 +2pq + q 2 = 1 AA = p 2, aa = q 2 and Aa = 2pq

7. Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium Assumptions Population size is very large Random mating is occurring No mutation is taking place No immigration (geneflow) No selection is occurring

8. Genetic drift

9. Inbreeding A alleles common by descent

10. Effective population size Founder effect Genetic bottleneck Outbreeding depression Gene flow