1. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-1) Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition H. Duane Norman*,1 and Marie K. Walsh 2 1 Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA 2 Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA * dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov 301-504-8334 Photo courtesy Infigen

2. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-2) Cloning biotechnology Embryo splitting Nuclear transfer  Embryo  Somatic cell  Fetal  Adult

3. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-3) Normal performance? Animal health (developmental issues) Mitochondrial DNA differences Genotype identification (bloodtyping) Genetic merit Food safety

4. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-4) Research studies Norman, Lawlor, and Wright (2002). Proceedings of 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production 33, 699-702. Norman, Lawlor, and Wright (2003). Journal of Dairy Science (in press). Walsh, Lucey, Govindasamy-Lucey, et al. (2003). Cloning and Stem Cells 5, 213-219.

5. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-5) U.S. Holstein clone population

6. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-6) Pedigree merit Mean genetic merit of parents Mean genetic superiority (p  0.01) of parents relative to population for same birth year: Embryo splitNuclear transfer TraitFemale s MalesFemale s Males Milk (kg)186254165246 Fat (kg)91110 Protein (kg)7989

7. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-7) Genetic merit (PTA) – cows Embryo splitNuclear transfer Trait Clone s Full sibs Clone s Full sibs Milk (kg)-37-1 * -189 Fat (kg)12*2* -30 Fat (%)0.02 -0.020.02 Protein (kg)01 ** 22 Protein (%)0.01 0.02 SCS3.083.093.183.15 PL (mo)0.10.2-0.6-0.4 DPR (%)0.1 -0.2-0.1 *p  0.01 **p  0.001

8. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-8) Genetic merit (PTA) – bulls Embryo split Trait ClonesFull sibs Milk (kg)-86-78 Fat (kg)01 Fat (%)0.03 Protein (kg)-2 Protein (%)0.01 SCS3.23.1 PL (mo)-0.5-0.3 DPR (%)0.00.2

9. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-9) Mean standardized performance Embryo splitNuclear transfer Trait ClonesFull sibsClonesFull sibs Milk (kg)10,71611,016 ** 10,45610,715 Fat (kg)394402 * 379389 Fat (%)3.683.653.623.63 Protein (kg)320329 ** 326325 Protein (%)2.99 3.113.03 SCC3.1 3.63.0 PL (mo)25.726.423.126.7 *p  0.01 **p  0.001

10. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-10) Deviation from contemporaries Embryo splitNuclear transfer Trait ClonesFull sibs ClonesFull sibs Milk (kg)-1993 ** -278-305 Fat (kg)-23*3* -17-13 Protein (kg)-32 ** -2-7 *p  0.05 **p  0.01

11. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-11) Milk composition Traits analyzed: Solids, fat, fatty acid profile, lactose, protein Nuclear-transfer clone breeds: Brown Swiss, Holstein, Holstein  Jersey No differences between clones and non-clones for gross chemical composition of milk  Slight difference for palmitic acid  Mineral content most variable component

12. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-12) Milk composition (Holstein) Component Clones Non- clones Kaufmann & Hagemeister (1987) U.S. mean (2001) Solids (%)12.913.3 … Fat (%)4.04.34.13.8 Protein (%)3.23.13.63.0 Lactose (%)5.0 …

13. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-13) U.S. dairy cattle selected for cloning slightly superior genetically to population for yield No obvious differences between cloned and non-cloned cows  Performance  Milk produced No food safety concerns related to milk from cloned cows Conclusions

14. 2003 Clone risk assessment workshop (HDN-14) “Most clones that survive the perinatal period are normal and healthy as determined by physiological measurements, behavior, and veterinary examinations.” “Edible products from normal, healthy clones or their progeny do not appear to pose increased food consumption risks relative to comparable products from conventional animals.” U.S. Food & Drug Administration Draft Executive Summary of Animal Cloning: A Risk Assessment (2003)