2. Condensation & Hydrolysis The putting together and taking apart of molecules!!

3. Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Large Carbon Molecules Condensation reactions join monomers (small simple molecules) to form polymers. A condensation reaction releases water as a by- product. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers.

4. Condensation The connecting of monomers into polymers. A monomerAnother monomer A chemical bond A polymer!

5. Hydrolysis Two monomers A polymer

6. Pop Quiz, Hot Shots! Simple sugars to carbohydrates =Condensation Nucleotides to nucleic acids =Condensation Amino acids to proteins =Condensation Lipids to fatty acids =Hydrolysis

7. Condensation and Hydrolysis are powered by enzymes! Proteins that speed up biological reactions (act like catalysts)

8. The Official Condensation Reaction Definition An enzyme-mediated reaction leading to the covalent linkage of small molecules and the formation of water as a by- product. Director of Biochemistry

9. Condensation Step By Step: 1. One monomer loses a H+ and the other loses a OH- group with the help of an enzyme. O OH HH Enzyme H

10. Condensation Step By Step: HH O 2. The two monomers are covalently joined. 3. The H+ and OH- removed in step one form water. HHO H2OH2O

11. A Monomer

12. Macromolecule Bond

13. HHO Enzyme O HH Condensation Builds Macromolecles!!

14. The End Result: This reaction produces a polymer which can be anywhere from three monomers to millions of monomers in size!!

15. The Official Hydrolysis Reaction Definition An enzyme-mediated reaction in which covalent bonds break, splitting a molecule in two or more parts with H+ and OH- (derived from water) becoming attached to the exposed bonding sites. Director of Biochemistry

16. Hydrolysis Step By Step: H O HO 1. Covalent bonds between monomers are broken with the help of an enzyme. H H 2. A water molecule is split into H+ and OH- Enzyme 3. This newly split water is attached to the newly split monomers. H2OH2O

17. H O H

18. H O H You suck! You Suck More! Covalent Bond Hydrolysis.

19. H O H MeYou A Polymer

22. H O H HHOH2OH2O Enzyme

23. MeYou A Polymer

24. Hydrolysis Splits Macromolecles!!

25. Summing Up Condensation connects things together. Condensation connects things together. Hydrolysis breaks things apart. Hydrolysis breaks things apart.