1. Ancient Greece
6-2.2

2. Day 1
Early Greeks

3. What is Greece’s geography like?
Mountainous rocky soil
Peninsula (surrounded by water on three sides)
Hundreds of islands off shore
Mild climate
Little farming, raise sheep and goats

4. Who are the Minoans? First civilization on the island of Crete
Traders and ship builders
Collapsed 1450 BC (earthquakes or Mycenaean)

5. Who are the Mycenaean? First Greek kings Built their palaces on a hill
Learned form the Minoans
Collapsed 1100 BC (earthquakes or war)
Went into a Dark Age (period of little growth and poverty)

6. How did colonization help the Greeks?
Culture spread
Growth of trade
Trade for money began

7. What does a Greek city look like?
Independent country (city-state)
Acropolis (gathering place on a hill)
Agora ( market place and a place of great debate)

8. What is Greek citizenship?
Citizens are treated equally
Males that are native born and land owning
Women and children have no rights
Vote, pass laws, hold office, own property, defend themselves in court

9. What are hoplites? Armies of ordinary citizens
Fought on foot with short swords and shields
Walked in tight rows that would not allow others through

10. Spartans and Athenians
Day 2
Spartans and Athenians

11. Why did tyrants begin? Nobles seized large farms from kings
Farmers borrowed money from nobles and lost their farms
Tyrants are people who take things by force and rules with total authority.
Overthrew nobles, built new market, places and temples

12. Who are the Spartans? Oligarchy government (assembly and elders)
Spartans are warriors
Created strong military of boys and men
Boys entered military at 7
At 20, entered regular army for 10 years
Home at 30 and army until 60
Women were trained in sports to become healthy mothers
Discourage trade and travel with others

13. Who are the Athenians?
Boys attended school to learn to read, write, and do math
Girls learned household duties, wealthy learned reading, writing, and to play the lyre
Government from oligarchy to direct democracy (all citizens gather at meetings to decide gov’t matters) US has a representative democracy

14. What was daily life like in Athens?
Most households had slaves
Farmers and traders
Men worked in the morning, exercised or attended meetings in the afternoon, and at night they went to all male gatherings
Women were in charge of the family and girls married age 14-15, poor worked in the fields with there spouse, not allowed to go out in public without a male relative

15. What is the Delian League?
Promised to defend its members against the Persians
Athens and other city-states except Sparta

16. Day3
Wars in Greece

17. Who are the Persians? Warriors and nomads in Persia (Iran today)
Cyrus the Great united, conquered the Middle East area, and wrote the Charter of Human Rights
Paid full time soldiers, Immortals
Believe in Zoroastrianism, one god, freedom of humans, triumph of good
Darius divided the empire into satrapies (provinces)

18. What were the Persian Wars?
490 BC Greeks and Persians in Marathon (Greeks)
480 BC Greeks (Athens and Sparta) and Persians in Thermopylae (Persians)
Greeks and Persians in Salamis (Greeks)
479 BC Greeks and Persians in Plataea (Greeks)

19. Why did the Persian Empire fall?
Weakened by war
Taxed the people and spent the money lavishly
Sons of kings had little power so they killed others to get power

20. What is the Peloponnesian war?
War between Spartan and Athenians
Athenians hid behind the walls, but disease killed a third if them
Spartans made a deal with Persians to help with their navy
Spartans finally won
All city-states lost, many died, farms destroyed, people without jobs

21. Day 4
Greek culture

22. What is Greek religion?
Mythology- traditional stories about gods and heroes
Gods and goddesses control nature
12 most important ones live on Mount Olympus
Human characteristics
Believed in life after death in the underworld with Hades

23. What was Greek literature?
Epics- long poems told about heroic deeds
Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey based on the war between Greece and the city of Troy
Aesop wrote fables (short tales that teach lessons) The Tortoise and the Hare

24. What is Greek drama? A story told by actors in outdoor theatres
Tragedies- a person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails, author Aristophanes, began with one actor
Comedies- ends happily, authors Sophocles and Euripides, made fun of politicians and scholars

25. What did the Greeks add to art and architecture?
Pottery had pictures with black on red or red on black
3 columns used by Greeks were Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
Parthenon built in Athens
Greek sculptures- followed human bodies beauty and perfection

26. DAY 5
Greek Philosophers

27. What is a philosopher?
Believes that a human mind could understand everything
Teachers

28. Who is Pythagoras?
Taught his pupils that the universe followed the same laws that govern music and numbers
Invented the Pythagorean theorem used to measure the sides of a triangle

29. What is a sophist? Professional teachers
Travel from city to city teaching
Believed what is right for one may not be right for another

30. Who is Socrates? An Athenian sculptor
Absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge was within each person
Invented by the Socratic method (asking questions and making people think)

31. Who is Plato? One of Socrates students Wrote the Republic
Believed that we should have a just and reasonable government

32. Who was Aristotle? One of Plato’s students
Believed that people should not do things in excess
Used observations and generalizations
Wrote Politics

33. Who were Greek historians?
Herodotus wrote about the Persian Wars
Known as the father of history
Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War