1. Organic Molecules

2. I. Organic Molecules in living things A.Introduction 1.Living things are made of organic molecules 2.Organic – has Carbon as the base, and often has Hydrogen and Oxygen 3.Molecule – more than one atom joined together with a chemical bond

3. B.Simple molecules – water (H 2 0), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and oxygen (O 2 ) C. Complex organic molecules 1.Carbohydrates – C, H, O in rings 2.Lipids [fats] – C, H, O in long chains 3.Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen 4.Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorus

4. D.Functions and Examples Organic Molecule FunctionExamples Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid energy (animals-plants) structure (plants) sugar, starch, glycogen cellulose energy, insulation, waterproof cell membrane fats, oils, waxes phospholipids build, maintain, and repair the body, alternate energy organs, bone, blood, muscle + antibodies, hormones, enzymes code to build proteins in the body DNA (double strand) RNA (single strand)

5. E.Energy 1.Body uses carbs 1 st, fats 2 nd, proteins last 2.How much energy (fats = 9 cal/g, carbs/proteins = 4 cal/g) 3.starches/sugars PARTNER SHARE muscles/liver for 1-24 hrs carbs from food directly to cells fat glycogen

6. Your digestive system converts the carbohydrates in food into glucose, a form of sugar carried in the blood and transported to cells for energy. Any glucose not used by the cells is converted into glycogen - another form of carbohydrate that is stored in the muscles and liver. However, the body's glycogen capacity is limited to about 350 grams; once this maximum has been reached, any excess glucose is quickly converted into fat.

7. Monosaccharides

8. Polysaccharides a.k.a. “many sugars”

9. Lipids

10. Saturated Fat Examples: dairy foods, animal fats “unhealthy fats”

11. Unsaturated Fats Examples: avocados, vegetable oils, nuts. “healthier fats”

13. PROTEINS

14. Function of Proteins Structure – muscle, bone, skin, blood, organs

15. Processing Questions What organic molecules are found in this meal? Where?

16. Processing Questions What does each type of organic molecule do for the body?

18. F.Metabolism – all chemical reactions that take place in an organism; all involve H 2 0 1.Digesting, breaking down food (like carbs, fats, proteins)  Hydrolysis reaction – water is added and used up to break down the molecules 2.Building organic molecules (like proteins, glycogen, fats)  Dehydration (condensation) reaction – water is removed/pulled out when molecules are built Demonstration

19. F.__________ – all chemical reactions that take place in an organism; all involve H 2 0 1.Digesting, breaking down food (like carbs, fats, proteins)  _________________ reaction – water is _______ and used up to break down the molecules 2.Building organic molecules (like proteins, glycogen, fats)  ______________ (condensation) reaction – water is __________ /pulled out when molecules are built

20. II. Proteins in humans A.Basics 1.made of 20 diff. amino acids (different combos – RAT, TAR, ART) 2.> 100,000 different proteins in humans 3.12 amino acids formed by the body, and 8 in foods.

21. B. What do proteins do? 1.structure/cells – muscles, bone, organs, skin (collagen), blood (hemoglobin) 2.regulate /control body (floating freely) a. enzymes - reactions for digestion, metabolism; substrate is the particle that fits with a certain enzyme b. hormones - control growth, reproduction (testosterone, hgh, adrenaline, estrogen)

22. C. Proteins being denatured (broken down, damaged, ruined) 1. radiation  treatment for cancer 2. temperature  bacteria-food 3. chemicals  pH, bleach to kill bacteria, fungi

23. D. Lack of protein in diet no raw material to build, maintain, repair body  examples = fetus, anorexia, starvation