1. Starter What are the differences between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction? What are the properties that make water so important? What are the 4 major macromolecules? What are the two parts to a chemical reaction? Read 5.2 Concept Check 1 and 3

2. Starter How do you differentiate between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction? Name the 4 major macromolecules.

3. Starter What do you need to know for each macromolecule? What are the names of the people you sit with? What are the common elements found in the macromolecules?

4. Starter How do animals store sugar? What does hydrophobic mean?

5. Starter What are enzymes and what do they do? What is the monomer of a protein? What holds two of those monomers together?

6. What are Macromolecules? Large Molecules formed by joining many subunits together. – Polymers Built by Dehydration Synthesis – Water Out Broken by Hydrolysis – Water In

8. Macromolecules

9. What you need to know… For each Macromolecule – Function – Structure – Example(s)

10. Types of Organic Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Common Elements found in each: – C, H, N, O, P, S

11. Carbohydrates -- Function Main fuel supply for cellular work

12. Carbohydrate Structure Made of sugar molecules – Composed of Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

13. Examples of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides – simple sugars – 1 sugar unit – Ex: glucose Disaccharides – double sugar – 2 monosaccharides – Ex: Sucrose Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrate – Ex: starch

14. Glucose

15. Sucrose

16. Starch

17. Stored Sugar Organisms break sugars down – Use what they need – Store what they don’t Animals – Glycogen Plants – Starch

18. Lipids -- Function Hydrophobic Not a true polymer Function – Energy Storage – Cell Membrane Structure

19. Lipid Structure C, H, O General Fat structure 3 carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids – Saturated – all three fatty acids chains have maximum number of Hydrogen atoms Butter – Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains fruits

22. Examples of Lipids Steroids – Estrogen – Testosterone – Cholesterol Fats Oils

24. Proteins -- Function Responsible for almost all day-to-day functioning of organisms Structural (bones, skin, hair, nails, muscle) Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions Long-term nutrient storage

25. Protein Structure Made up of Amino Acids – Linked together by peptide bonds Polypeptide Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur

27. What makes Proteins unique? All proteins are the same EXCEPT – The R-Group Determines the proteins function

28. Nucleic Acids - Function 1.Stores Genetic Information 2.Directs protein synthesis

29. Nucleic Acids -- Structure C, H, O, N and P Made of nucleotides (monomer) – Sugar, phosphate, and base (A, T, G, C, U) Double Helix

31. Examples of Nucleic Acids Deoxyr ibonucleic Acid – DNA Ribonucleic Acid RNA