1. Anusorn Cherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748 Enzymes

2. Introduction  Enzymes are protein--<activated reaction  Catabolism  Anabolism  Re-formation when end of reaction  Gain the products

3. Role of enzyne McDonald et al. (2011)

4. Type of enzymes  Simple protein: biological activity without nonprotein part  Conjugated protein or holoenzyme: biological activity with apoenzyme and cofactor

5. Classification of enzymes  Oxidoreductases  Transferases  Hydrolases  Lyases  Isomerases  Ligases  Synthase By The International Union of Biochemistry (IUB)

6. Classification of enzymes Oxidoreductases: addition/remove H atom  dehydrogenases  Oxidases  Peroxidases  Catalases  Oxygenases  hydroxylases  (Riis, 1983; McDonald et al., 2011)

7. Classification of enzymes Transferases: group transfer  Transaldolases  Transketolases, acyl, glucosyl  Phosphoryl transferases, kinases  Phosphomutases

8. Classification of enzymes Hydrolases: activation of hydrolysis  Esterasesglycosidases  Peptidases  Phosphatases  Thiolases  Phospholipases  Amidases  Deaminases  Ribonucleases

9. Classification of enzymes Lyases: on double bond  addition of water/ammonia/CO 2  Aldolases  Hydratases  Dehydratases  Synthases  Lyases

10. Classification of enzymes Isomerases: Group transfer to be an isomer  Racemases  Isomerases  mutases

11. Classification of enzymes Ligases or synthase: molecule formation with new bond  Pyruvate carboxylase

12. Property of enzymes  High specificity on substrate  All enzymes are protein (12000-1000000 da)  activate on native conformation  Activity of enzyme depend on amino acid group

13. Specificity enzymes McDonald et al. (2011) The lock and key theory Induced-fit theory

14. Factor affecting on enzymes  Temperate  pH  Concentration of enzyme  Concentration of substrate

15. Enzymes control  Nonactive form: pepsinogen etc  Covalent modification: add phosphory group into AA group  End product; inhibition on enzymes  Regulatory protein: calmodulin

16. Enzymes inhibitor  Irreversible inhibitor: iodoaceta mide  Reversible inhibitor  competitive inhibitor  noncompetitive inhibitor  uncompetitive inhibition

17. Enzymes in Animal nutrition  Amylase   -galactozidase  Cellulase  Pectinase  Protease  glucose oxidase  Calatase  Lipoxygenase

18. Conclusion 1 2 3 Role of enzyme Classification of enzyme Enzyme activity and control

19. Thank you!