1. Society and Groups In a group, list all of the groups that you might be a member of.

2. Society Defined For sociologists a society is defined in terms of its functions. There are five: For sociologists a society is defined in terms of its functions. There are five: reproduction; reproduction; sustenance; sustenance; shelter; shelter; management of its membership; management of its membership; defense. defense.

3. Organizations Within There are three other types of organizations: There are three other types of organizations: Normative Organizations are organizations that people join because they perceive their goals as being socially or morally worthwhile (IE: Greenpeace); Normative Organizations are organizations that people join because they perceive their goals as being socially or morally worthwhile (IE: Greenpeace); Coercive Organizations are organizations that people typically are forced into against their will (prison); Coercive Organizations are organizations that people typically are forced into against their will (prison); Utilitarian Organizations are organizations that people typically join because of some tangible benefit which they expect to receive (Girl Scouts, PTA, or a political party). Utilitarian Organizations are organizations that people typically join because of some tangible benefit which they expect to receive (Girl Scouts, PTA, or a political party).

4. Technology and Society Technology availability greatly influenced the size and durability of these societies. Technology availability greatly influenced the size and durability of these societies. Rocks, sticks, spears, axes, bows and arrows, darts, plows, hand tools, dowels and nails, steam engines, electricity, factories, watches, computer chips, and other technological advances have greatly changed the nature of societies over time. Rocks, sticks, spears, axes, bows and arrows, darts, plows, hand tools, dowels and nails, steam engines, electricity, factories, watches, computer chips, and other technological advances have greatly changed the nature of societies over time.

5. Types of Societies Hunting and Gathering Societies Hunting and Gathering Societies Horticultural and Pastoral Societies Horticultural and Pastoral Societies Agricultural Societies Agricultural Societies Industrial Societies Industrial Societies Postindustrial Societies Postindustrial Societies Bioeconomic Societies Bioeconomic Societies

6. Why Do Societies Change or Remain Stable? Auguste Comte: Auguste Comte: Social Statics, or the study of social structure and how it influences social stability Social Statics, or the study of social structure and how it influences social stability Social Dynamics, or the study of social structure and how it influences social change. Social Dynamics, or the study of social structure and how it influences social change. A modern example of social statics might be the official governmental intervention of US economic recovery efforts; while social dynamics might be the new “government bailout” manipulation of the economy to establish economic security in volatile markets. A modern example of social statics might be the official governmental intervention of US economic recovery efforts; while social dynamics might be the new “government bailout” manipulation of the economy to establish economic security in volatile markets. The Big Three: Family, Politics, and Education The Big Three: Family, Politics, and Education

7. Emile Durkheim’s Thoughts Emile Durkheim’s concept of Anomie: social instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values Emile Durkheim’s concept of Anomie: social instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values Mechanical Solidarity is a shared conscious among society's members who each has a similar form of livelihood. Mechanical Solidarity is a shared conscious among society's members who each has a similar form of livelihood. Organic Solidarity, which is a sense of interdependence on the specializations of occupations in modern society. Organic Solidarity, which is a sense of interdependence on the specializations of occupations in modern society.

8. Karl Marx Karl Marx argued the concept of Alienation, which is the resulting influence of industrialization on society’s members where they feel disconnected and powerless in the final direction of their destinies. Karl Marx argued the concept of Alienation, which is the resulting influence of industrialization on society’s members where they feel disconnected and powerless in the final direction of their destinies. To Marx, the social systems people created in turn controlled the pattern of their social life. To Marx, the social systems people created in turn controlled the pattern of their social life.

9. Ferdinand Tönnies Gemeinschaft (Guh-mine-shoft) means "intimate community" and Gesellschaft (Guh- zell-shoft) means" impersonal associations." Gemeinschaft (Guh-mine-shoft) means "intimate community" and Gesellschaft (Guh- zell-shoft) means" impersonal associations." Gemeinschaft comes with a feeling of community togetherness Gemeinschaft comes with a feeling of community togetherness Whereas, Gesellschaft comes with a feeling of individuality Whereas, Gesellschaft comes with a feeling of individuality

10. What Are Society’s Component Parts? Social Cohesion - the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds. Social Cohesion - the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds. Social Structure refers to the recurring patterns of behavior in society which people create through their interactions and relationships. Social Structure refers to the recurring patterns of behavior in society which people create through their interactions and relationships.

11. What Are Society’s Component Parts? Group, which is a set of two or more people who share common identity, interact regularly, and have shared expectations (roles), and function in their mutually agreed upon roles. Group, which is a set of two or more people who share common identity, interact regularly, and have shared expectations (roles), and function in their mutually agreed upon roles. Aggregates, or the number of people in the same place at the same time. Aggregates, or the number of people in the same place at the same time. A Category is a number of people who share common characteristics. A Category is a number of people who share common characteristics.

13. Types of Groups primary group primary group secondary group secondary group reference group reference group in-group out-group social network an electronic community

14. Primary Groups Characterized by intimate face-to-face association and those are fundamental in the development and continued adjustment of their members. Characterized by intimate face-to-face association and those are fundamental in the development and continued adjustment of their members. Three basic primary groups: Three basic primary groups: the family, the family, the child's play group, and the child's play group, and the neighborhoods or community among adults. the neighborhoods or community among adults.

15. Secondary Groups Characterized by anonymous, impersonal, and instrumental relationships, have become much more numerous. Characterized by anonymous, impersonal, and instrumental relationships, have become much more numerous. For example: a college class, the Democratic Party For example: a college class, the Democratic Party Secondary groups tend to break down into several primary groups Secondary groups tend to break down into several primary groups

16. Reference Groups reference group is a concept referring to a group to which an individual or another group is compared. reference group is a concept referring to a group to which an individual or another group is compared. Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group. Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group. Reference groups provide the benchmarks Reference groups provide the benchmarks

17. In-group / Out-group Loyal to In-group Loyal to In-group Antagonistic to Out-group Antagonistic to Out-group

18. Social Network Cliques Cliques Would include family, friends, acquaintances, and “friends of friends” Would include family, friends, acquaintances, and “friends of friends” Who could help you get your foot in the door? Who could help you get your foot in the door?

19. The Electronic Community Newsgroups Newsgroups Blogs Blogs Facebook Facebook Chat rooms Chat rooms Game sites Game sites Virtual Worlds (IMVU, RUNESCAPE) Virtual Worlds (IMVU, RUNESCAPE)