1. Depending on the Size of the S&R Program, Additional Facilities May Be Required Groundwater Production Wells Imported Water Treatment Plant Capacity Wellhead Treatment – Nitrate – Arsenic – Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and DBCP – Perchlorate Conveyance facilities

2. Summary of Best Available Treatment Technologies Nitrate – Ion exchange (IX) – Reverse osmosis (RO) Arsenic – Coagulation-filtration – Adsorption Volatile Organic Compounds – Packed tower aeration – Advanced oxidation processes – Granular activated carbon (GAC) Perchlorate – Biological treatment, IX, GAC, and RO

3. Ion Exchange Wells NaClIX Vessels Regenerant to Disposal Treated Water pH Adjustment Chlorine

4. Reverse Osmosis Raw FinishedWater Membrane Pretreatment Permeate Bypass Concentrate(Brine)(Reject)

5. Granular Activated Carbon

6. Packed Tower Aeration

7. Advanced Oxidation Process Oxygen Supply & Air Compressor Ozone Generator H2O2 Influent Treated Effluent Contactor

8. Treatment Technologies Costs Treatment TechnologyCapital Cost ($/gal capacity) O&M Cost ($/1,000 gal) Ion Exchange (IX) 0.600.15-0.20 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 1.000.70 Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) 1.000.60 Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) 0.500.60 Packed Tower Aeration (PTA) 0.250.10 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) 0.60-0.900.50-0.90 Iron Coagulation & Filtration 1.30N/A Iron-Based Media Adsorption (IBM) 0.300.13