2. Advanced Treatment Technology Activated Carbon Ozone UV Light Advanced Oxidation (UV/Peroxide)

3. Activated Carbon Adsorption (surface adherence ) Non-polar, coal based, and relatively cheap Surface Area is critical Characteristic of the chemical to be adsorbed – Hydrophyllic polar compounds are hardest – Hydrophobic non-polar compounds the easiest

4. Ozone Very strong oxidant Formed when Oxygen (O 2 ) is excited in a high voltage (~1500 volts) electrical field (corona discharge) Reactions: 3O 2 ↔ 2O 3 O 3 → O 2 + O

5. Ultraviolet Light Non-chemical energy source (similar to heat)

6. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) Ozone/Peroxide – H 2 O 2 + H 2 O ↔ HO 2 - + H 3 O + – HO 2 - + O 3 →. OH + O 2 - + O 2 – the hydroxyl radical (. OH) is the neutral form of hydroxide, and is very hungry for a Hydrogen molecule to react with (and finds it in organic compounds) These are high-energy reactants looking for something to “chew up” UV/H 2 O 2 reaction similar, producing two hydroxl radicals (. OH)