2. Contraceptive Options Abstinence Abstinence Withdrawal (Coitus Interuptus)/Rhythm Withdrawal (Coitus Interuptus)/Rhythm Spermicides Spermicides Male Condom Male Condom Female Condom Female Condom Diaphragm/Cervical Cap Diaphragm/Cervical Cap Birth Control Pill Birth Control Pill Norplant Norplant Depo-Provea Depo-Provea Intrauterine Device (IUD) Intrauterine Device (IUD) Ovral >The morning after pill Ovral >The morning after pill Nuva Ring Nuva Ring Vasectomy / Tubal Ligation Vasectomy / Tubal Ligation Emergency Contraception Emergency Contraception

3. Abstinence  Refraining from any oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse (penetration)  Refraining from sexual behavior that involves the exchange of bodily fluids:vaginal, anal, oral Advantages: 1. No physical side effects 2. Can be used anytime 3. Nothing to purchase Disadvantages: 1. Requires commitment & self- control 2. Peer pressure Effectiveness: 100 %

4. Withdrawal (coitus interuptus)/Rhythm Method  The act of “pulling out when it tingles”  Trying to time withdrawl of penis before ejaculation.  Based on a women’s cycle Advantages: 1. No cost, no preparation involved 2. Available as last resort Disadvantages: 1. Dependent on male partner 2. Sperm exist in Pre- Ejaculate fluid. 2. Requires commitment & great control 3. No protection against STI”s Effectiveness: Highly dependent on individual user

5. Barrier Methods Provide a Barrier of Protection between body fluids. Provide a Barrier of Protection between body fluids. 1. Male Condom 1. Male Condom 2. Female Condom 2. Female Condom 3. Diaphram/Cervical Cap 3. Diaphram/Cervical Cap

6. Male Condom Thin membrane made of latex, polyurethane, or sheepskin that fits over the erect penis Advantages: 1. Available w/out prescription 2. Offers protection from STI’s 3. Easy to carry & use 4. Inexpensive Disadvantages: 1. Male controlled method 2. May “forget” to use 3. May break if used incorrectly 4. May interfere with the moment Effectiveness: 98% if used correctly

7. Female Condom Polyurethane pouch that fits inside a woman’s vagina Advantages: 1. Safe 2. Available w/out prescription 3. Easy to carry & use 4. Polyurethane is strong, conducts body heat easily, & rarely breaks 5. Protects against STI’s Disadvantages: 1. May be difficult to use 2. May become dislodged during intercourse 3. Expensive 4. May make noise Effectiveness: 75% - 95% if used correctly

8. Spermicides  (foam, cream, jelly)  A chemical that kills sperm Advantages: 1. Available w/out prescription 2. Minimal health risk 3. Easy to carry & use 4. Some protection against STI’s Disadvantages: 1. Timing > must insert close to intercourse 2. May cause an allergic reaction Effectiveness: 75% - 80% if used correctly 98% if used with a condom

9. Diaphragm/Cervical Cap  A shallow rubber cap w/ a rim made of fine, flexible springs that fits perfectly across the upper vagina covering the entire cervix. Must use w/ spermicide Advantages: 1. Can be used before intercourse 2. Inexpensive, can be re- used 3. No hormonal or chemical changes in the body Disadvantages: 1. Requires fitting/prescription 2. May “forget” to use 3. May be difficult to use 4. Must be left in 6-8 hours after intercourse 5. Minimal protection against STI’s Effectiveness: 82% - 95% if used correctly

10. Birth Control Pill  Pills create change in the menstrual cycle that interrupt normal patterns of ovulation & implantation, thus preventing pregnancy Advantages: 1. Continuous protection against pregnancy 2. Reversible 3. Protects against painful irregular periods, ovarian & endometrial cancer, & infections of the fallopian tubes Disadvantages: 1. Must remember to take 2. Not suitable for all (risk of stroke) 3. Possible side-effects (nausea, weight gain) 4. No protection against STI’s Effectiveness: 97% - 99% if used correctly

11. DEPO-PROVEA and LUNELLE/Injections  Injection of long- acting progestin.  It acts by creating conditions in the uterus that are inhospitable for embryo implantation.  Effectiveness: 99+% ADVANTAGES: Continuous protection against pregnancy for 3 months Nothing to remember Menstruation ceases for over 50% of women Confidential DISADVANTAGES: Visit to clinical every 3 months Non-reversible until effects wear off Return to fertility may take several months No protection against STI’s Available only to older women who have had a baby

12. Norplant Norplant  Consists of 6 slender silicone rubber capsules that contain a steroid called Leungestrel (form of progestin) inhibits ovulation Advantages: 1. Continuous protection against pregnancy for 5 yrs. 2. Reversible 3. Nothing to remember Disadvantages: 1. Expensive 2. Minor surgical procedure 3. Irregular menstrual bleeding 4. Possible difficulty in removing 5. Possible weight gain 6. Less effective in woman more than 155lbs Effectiveness: 99%

13. Nuva Ring A flexible vaginal ring that contains hormones that stops the ovaries from releasing an egg A flexible vaginal ring that contains hormones that stops the ovaries from releasing an eggADVANTAGES: -Don’t have to remember to take pills DISADVANTAGES: -Expensive -Has to be prescribed by a doctor -Doesn’t protect against STD’s EFFECTIVENESS: 99% if used correctly

14. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD) TWO TYPES USED IN THE US: 1.PROGESTASERT-contains progestin which is gradually released. 2.TCu38OA-contains copper  Both are inserted into the uterus by the physician  The actual way they work is unknown but the hypothesis is IUD’s interfere with the movement of the egg through the fallopian tube or with the mobility of the sperm  Effectiveness: 97% ADVANTAGES: Continuous protection against pregnancy for up to 8 years Reversible Nothing to remember DISADVANTAGES: Limited use Increase risk of PID May be expelled or perforate from uterus No protection against STI’s Prescription required

15. Rhythm Method/Periodic Abstinence Act of trying to pinpoint the day of Ovulation! Act of trying to pinpoint the day of Ovulation! Ovulation = when egg is released from ovary. When a women is Fertile Ovulation = when egg is released from ovary. When a women is Fertile Occurs 14 Days before 1st day of Menstral Cycle Occurs 14 Days before 1st day of Menstral Cycle Advantages: who are trying to get pregnant. Good method for couples who are trying to get pregnant. Also helps people who are not trying to have a baby lessen chances. Free, Natural, contraceptive option that doesn’t interfere with religious beliefs. Disadvantages: Requires Careful planning Women have irregular, unpredictable menstrual cycles, don’t know when ovulation occurs Cycles can be irregular do to Stress, Diet, Exercise, Medications. Making her ability to pinpoint Ovulation difficult Sperm can live inside vaginal canal up to 24-48 hrs. No Protection from STD’s

16. Permanent Contraceptive Procedures! Vasectomy Vasectomy Male Surgical Procedure Male Surgical Procedure Tying of Vas Deferens to prevent the release of Sperm Tying of Vas Deferens to prevent the release of Sperm In some cases can be reversed. Return to fertility is not guaranteed. In some cases can be reversed. Return to fertility is not guaranteed. Tubal Ligation Female Surgical Procedure Tying of Fallopian Tubes to prevent implantation of Egg **Typically used by couples or individuals who are done having children.

17. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION PILLS “THE MORNING AFTER PILL” Hormonal Pills Hormonal Pills Taken within 72 hours or up to 5 hours after unprotected intercourse Taken within 72 hours or up to 5 hours after unprotected intercourse Interrupts the menstrual cycle Interrupts the menstrual cycle 2 doses of pills 2 doses of pills Plan B or Preven are 2 examples of Emergency Contraception Plan B or Preven are 2 examples of Emergency Contraception Should NOT be relied on as an Opiton. Only in an Emergency Should NOT be relied on as an Opiton. Only in an Emergency Disadvantages -Nausea, vomitting - not guaranteed to work  Advantages - Prevents unwanted pregnancy - Available over the counter at a pharmacy 17 or over. - Under 17 needs a Perscription EFFECTIVENESS: - 85%