1. APES Get out Air Pollution Lab
Get out Superfund Poster – staple rubric to the BOTTOM (So we see both the poster & the rubric at the same time)

2. Indoor Air Pollution
Ch. 18

3. Indoor Air Pollution
The most threatening indoor air pollutants are smoke and soot from the burning of wood and coal in cooking fires (mostly in less-developed countries), cigarette smoke, and chemicals used in building materials and cleaning products.
Burning wood to cook food inside this dwelling in India (right) exposes the occupants to dangerous levels of air pollution.

4. Developing Countries
Indoor burning of wood, charcoal, dung, crop residues, coal
Poor suffer the greatest risk

5. Developed Countries WHY?
Indoor air pollution > outdoor air pollution
WHY?
11 of the common air pollutants higher inside than outside
Greater in vehicles than outside
Health risks magnified: people spend 70 – 98% of their time indoors/in cars.

6. Who is at greatest risk? Children under 5 Elderly Sick Pregnant Women
People with respiratory disorders or heart problems
Smokers
Factory Workers

7. Para-dichlorobenzene Source: Air fresheners, mothball crystals
Chloroform Source: Chlorine-treated water in hot showers Possible threat: Cancer
Para-dichlorobenzene Source: Air fresheners, mothball crystals
Threat: Cancer
Tetrachloroethylene Source: Dry-cleaning fluid fumes on clothes Threat: Nerve disorders, damage to liver and kidneys, possible cancer
Formaldehyde Source: Furniture stuffing, paneling, particleboard, foam insulation Threat: Irritation of eyes, throat, skin, and lungs; nausea; dizziness
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Source: Aerosol sprays Threat: Dizziness, irregular breathing
Styrene Source: Carpets, plastic products Threat: Kidney and liver damage
Nitrogen oxides Source: Unvented gas stoves and kerosene heaters, woodstoves Threat: Irritated lungs, children's colds, headaches
Benzo- -pyrene Source: Tobacco smoke,woodstoves Threat: Lung cancer
Particulates Source: Pollen, pet dander, dust mites, cooking smoke particles Threat: Irritated lungs, asthma attacks, itchy eyes, runny nose, lung disease
Figure 18.19: Numerous indoor air pollutants are found in most modern homes (Concept 18-4). Question: To which of these pollutants are you exposed? (Data from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
Levels of 11 common pollutants generally are 2 – 5X higher inside US homes and buildings than outdoors Some 100X higher
Radon-222 Source: Radioactive soil and rock surrounding foundation, water supply Threat: Lung cancer
Tobacco smoke Source: Cigarettes Threat: Lung cancer, respiratory ailments, heart disease
Asbestos Source: Pipe insulation, vinyl ceiling and floor tiles Threat: Lung disease, lung cancer
Carbon monoxide Source: Faulty furnaces, unvented gas stoves and kerosene heaters, woodstoves Threat: Headaches, drowsiness, irregular heartbeat, death
Methylene chloride Source: Paint strippers and thinners Threat: Nerve disorders, diabetes
Fig , p. 482

8. Indoor Air Pollution Sick Building Syndrome
Fig
p. 434
Sick building syndrome – dizziness, headaches, coughing, sneezing, shortness of breathe, nausea, burning eyes, sore throats, fatigue etc. 1/5 buildings in US = sick
Chloroform Para-dichlorobenzene:
Source: Chlorine-treated water in hot showers Source: Air fresh., moth balls
Possible threat: Cancer Threat: cancer
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Source: Aerosol sprays
Threat: Dizziness, irregular breathing
Nitrogen Oxides
Source: Unvented gas stoves and kerosene heaters, woodstoves
Threat: irritated lungs, children’s colds, headaches
Asbestos
Source: Pipe insulation, vinyl ceiling and floor tiles
Threat: Lung diseases
Caron Monoxide:
Faulty furnaces, unvented gas stoves and kerosene heaters, woodstoves
Threat: Headaches, drowsiness, irregular heartbeat, death
Methylene Chloride
Source: Paint strippers and thinners
Threat: Nerve disorders, diabetes
Radon-222
Source: Radioactive soil and rock surrounding foundation, water supply
Threat: lung cancer
Styrene
Source: Carpets, plastic products,
Threat: kidney and liver damage
Benzo-pyrene
Source: tobacco smoke, woodstoves
Formaldehyde
Source: Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, foam insulation
Threat: irritation of eyes, throat, skin, and lungs, nausea, dizziness
Tetrachloroethylene
Source: Dry-cleaning fluid fumes and clothes
Threat: nerve disorders, damage to liver and kidneys, possible cancer

9. Four Most Dangerous Indoor Air Pollutants
Tobacco Smoke
Formaldehyde (CH2O)
Radioactive radon – 222 gas
Very Small particles
Most dangerous in developed countries
Formaldehyde from building products
Radon from underground rock
Small particles from emissions from motor vehicles, coal burning and industrial power plants, wood burning, and forest/grass fires.
Formaldehyde causes most probs.

10. Other Possible Indoor Air Pollutants
Pesticide Residue
Pb Particles
Living organisms & their excrements
Dust mites & cockroach droppings
Airborne spores of molds & mildew
Spores cause headaches and allergic reactions aggravate asthma and other respiratory diseases

12. Radon-222 Colorless, odorless, radioactive gas
Produced by natural decay of Uranium-238, small amounts found in rocks/soil

13. Radon-222 When released outside Can build to high levels inside.
decay = harmless
Can build to high levels inside.

14. Radon Gas Case Study

15. Radon-222
Decays into solid particles of other radioactive elements. ie: polonium-210
Inhaled exposes lungs to alpha particles
2nd leading cause of lung cancer

16. Effects of Air Pollution on Living Organisms and Materials
Damage to mucous membranes
Respiratory Disease
Lung cancer
Asthma – allergic reaction
Chronic Bronchitis – persistent inflammation
Emphysema – Irreversible damage

17. Nasal cavity Oral cavity Pharynx (throat) Trachea (windpipe) Bronchus
Right lung
Bronchioles
(see figure 17.18b)
(see figure 17.18c)

18. Epithelial cell
Cilia
Mucus

19. Bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Alveolar sac
(sectioned)

20. Effects of Air Pollution on Living Organisms and Materials
Damage to plant leaves and roots
Reduction in primary productivity
Deterioration of materials

21. Premature Deaths from Air Pollution in the U.S.
In US EPA estimates annual deaths due to air pollution 150,000 – 350,000 = 2 – 5 fully loaded, 200 passenger airliners crashing EVERY DAY
Figure 18.22: This map shows the distribution of premature deaths from air pollution in the United States, mostly from very small, fine, and ultra-fine particles added to the atmosphere by coal-burning power plants. Questions: Why do the highest death rates occur in the eastern half of the United States? If you live in the United States, what is the risk at your home or where you go to school? (Data from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
Fig , p. 485