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Mid-South Tarnished Plant Bug Sampling Methods F. Musser, A. Catchot - MSU R. Bagwell - LSU S. Stewart- U. Tenn. G. Lorenz, G. Studebaker J. Greene- U.

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Presentation on theme: "Mid-South Tarnished Plant Bug Sampling Methods F. Musser, A. Catchot - MSU R. Bagwell - LSU S. Stewart- U. Tenn. G. Lorenz, G. Studebaker J. Greene- U."— Presentation transcript:

1 Mid-South Tarnished Plant Bug Sampling Methods F. Musser, A. Catchot - MSU R. Bagwell - LSU S. Stewart- U. Tenn. G. Lorenz, G. Studebaker J. Greene- U. Ark.

2 Existing Situation Boll weevil eradication and Bt varieties lead to fewer sprays targeted at weevils and worms, more for TPB Most scouts use a plant count, but there is no standard whole plant sampling procedure Lack of confidence in TPB thresholds after first bloom

3 Objectives Identify efficient and accurate TPB sampling methods in mid-season cotton Verify or adjust current TPB thresholds Standardize recommended scouting procedures and thresholds in the mid-south

4 2005 Sampling Methods 120 commercial fields in TN, MS, LA, AR 4 sites in each field 5 direct sampling methods (# bugs, time) 4 indirect sampling methods (damage, time)

5 2006 Sampling Methods 60 commercial fields in TN, MS, LA, AR 4 sites in each field 3X per day (6-9 AM, 11 AM-2 PM, 4-7 PM) 3 direct sampling methods (# bugs, time) 4 indirect sampling methods (damage, time)

6 Sampling Methods 5 direct sampling methods (# bugs, time) –Sweep net (25 sweeps with a 15” sweep net) –Drop cloth (5 row ft. on a black drop cloth) –Modified whole plant (25 plants) Terminal, 2 squares, 1 bloom, 1 boll –Squares (25 squares) –in 2005 only –Blooms (25 white blooms) – in 2005 only

7 Methods Four indirect sampling methods (damage, time) –Damaged squares (25 squares) –Dirty blooms (25 blooms) –Internal boll damage (25 bolls) –External boll damaged (25 bolls)

8 Average Number of Plant Bugs per Sample

9 Average Number of Plant Bugs per Sample by State, 2006

10 Average % Damage

11 Average % Damage by State, 2006

12 Average Time for One Sample

13 Average Number of Bugs Found Per Minute

14 Average Damaged Fruit Observed Per Minute, 2006

15 Time of Day Variation p=0.133 p=0.033 p=0.020

16 Sampler Impact by Method MethodF- valueP-value Drop Cloth3.08<0.0001 Sweep Net2.77<0.0001 Whole Plant3.51<0.0001 Dirty Squares1.690.0380 Dirty Blooms2.260.0025 Ext. Bolls5.63<0.0001 Int. Bolls3.34<0.0001

17 Black vs. White Drop Cloth TPB StageWhiteBlack% difference Adults1.17a0.98a-16 Nymphs7.43a9.55b+29 Total8.60a10.53b+22

18 Other Factors Altering Bias Both Years FactorChange Wind↓ PB with ↑ wind using whole plant sampling Factors monitored: temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, plant height, nodes, NAWF

19 Sampling Equivalencies 1 TPB per 2 row ft on a black drop cloth equals MethodEquivalent Sweep Net12 TPB/100 sweeps Modified whole plant9 TPB/100 plants Dirty squares8 /100 squares Dirty blooms14 /100 blooms External bolls12 /100 bolls Internal bolls9 /100 bolls

20 Correlations of sampling methods Created a PB score based on all 7 sampling methods (PB score = 1 at threshold) Correlated each sampling method to the composite score

21 Correlation of sampling methods to each other MethodCorrelation (R) 20052006 Drop Cloth0.7880.773 Sweep Net0.8590.811 Whole plant0.8510.827 Dirty Squares0.7580.780 Dirty Blooms0.8200.816 External Bolls0.7580.711 Internal Bolls0.7750.685

22 Sweep Net (Adults)-0.313 Sweep Net (Nymphs)-0.41 Drop Cloth (Adults)-0.334 Drop Cloth (Nymphs)-0.262 TPB per 25 sweeps-0.4 Drop Cloth-0.31 % Square Retention0.587 Nymphs per 25 squares-0.432 % Dirty Squares-0.638 % Internal Square Damage-0.489 % Boll Damage (Small)-0.365 %Boll Damage (Medium)-0.475 %Boll Damage (Large)-0.404 %Boll Damage (Total)-0.452 Dirty Blooms per row ft.-0.303 % Dirty Blooms-0.357 Shed Squares0.031 Shed Bolls-0.057 Method R R Correlations with Yield Jeff Gore

23 Sampling Precision, 2006 # samples needed to make a correct decision 80% of the time when the actual pest density is 20% > threshold

24 Sampling Efficiency, 2006 Minutes needed to make a correct decision 80% of the time when the actual pest density is 20% > threshold

25 Sampling Methods Summary Overall –Sampler variability is great in all sampling methods but dirty squares appears to be least variable Direct Sampling methods –Sweep net is most efficient for adults –Drop cloth most efficient for nymphs, esp. black drop cloth –Sweep net and drop cloth similar for total bug efficiency –Counts by all methods decrease during the hottest part of the day (3-6 PM), but drop cloth least affected –Sweep nets catch fewer when foliage is wet Indirect sampling methods –Dirty blooms most efficient

26 Acknowledgements Funding: Cotton Incorporated Cooperation –Extension agents, consultants and cotton growers who facilitated data collection in commercial fields

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