1. National and Global Trends in Graduate Education ASEE Workshop on Graduate Education and Research Trends Les Sims Senior Scholar in Residence, CGS (Graduate Dean Emeritus, University of Iowa) lsims@cgs.nche.edu

2. Dimensions of the Graduate Education Enterprise 2000-2001 1,700 institutions 1.9 million students Over ½ million degrees annually –468,000 master’s degrees –45,000 doctoral degrees CGS institutions enroll 2/3 of students, grant 75% of master’s degrees, and nearly all doctorate degrees

3. Graduate Enrollment Trends Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment Thousands

4. Graduate Enrollment by Ethnicity Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment

5. Degrees Awarded relative to 1985-86

6. U.S. Engineering Degrees as a % of Total

7. Growth in S & E Ph.D. Degrees (Three-year averages: US Citizens and Permanent Residents) 1999 Degrees Native Amer 117 Hispanic 658 African-Amer 715 TOTAL 17,428 White 13,656

8. S & E Graduate Enrollment by race/ethnicity (U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents)

9. International Student Enrollment Source: IIE, Open Doors Thousands

10. U.S. Science and Engineering Doctorate Degrees Earned by International Students

11. Doctoral S&E Degrees by World Region U.S. Ph.D. Deg Europe Asia % Citizens/Perm Res

12. Engineering Doctorate Degrees

13. Graduate Enrollment Projections Source: NCES, Middle Alternative Projections to 2012

14. Projections: graduate degrees Source: NCES, Projections to 2012 Thousands

15. Projected International GRE Test Takers, FY03-04* *Source: CGS Discussion List - ETS 1/16/04 Estimate

16. InternationalGraduate Applications Fall 2003 - Fall 2004 ACE, AAU, CGS, NAFSA, AIE, NASULGC Survey All Grad ApplicationsPRC Grad ApplicationsUG Applications

17. Graduate Programs: Trends and Changes Certificates – growing rapidly (both stand alone and as degree add-ons) Content –related to career needs Preparing Future Faculty Preparing Future Professionals Professional Master’s Degrees  Composition – diversity challenges: ethnic/racial, gender, other enrollment

18. Graduate Programs: Research Content + Content – diverse, global, interdisciplinary Career considerations – publicize jobs of recent graduates; early career information; continuous career planning Skills development – communications, presentation, interpersonal/teamwork, technical/computer, project management Environment – employer expectations, roles/responsibilities, experiential/interns

19. Graduate Education Issues: Graduate Stipends and Funding NSF fellowships stipends: $27,500 (F2003); $30,000 (F2004); and... NIH, other agencies will follow suit. Funding for master’s education is miniscule compared to that for Ph.D. Tuition continues to rise at well above CPI; remissions/waivers needed. Reauthorization if HEA: an opportunity to increase priority of graduate education.

20. Graduate Education Issues: International issues: post-9/11 SEVIS International Visitors Restrictions on research areas/materials Bologña Accord – EU Higher Education 3 + 2 proposed as common structure: 3 yrs equivalent to U.S. B.S. (?) + 2 yrs = equivalent of US M.S. (?)

21. Graduate Education Issues: Completion/Attrition and ttd Doctoral completion rate (50% lore); varies widely; most agree is too low. Attrition rates still significant in years 2, 3, 4, … of doctoral programs. Time to degree continues to increase. Similar problems, less extent, in master’s programs.

22. Graduate Education Issues: Diversity/Participation/access Participation of underrepresented groups increasing, but slowly; still low. Strategies need to reflect new realities of court decisions, public policy. Curricula should reflect cultural, historical, societal, global diversity.

23. Graduate Education Issues: Responsible Conduct of Research Ethical issues Human/Animal research subjects; informed consent Intellectual property issues Industry/university interactions Commercialization of research results

24. Graduate Education Issues: Mismatch: education/employers PFF – balanced instruction in T,R,S, skills, faculty roles/responsibilities. PFP – balanced instruction in R, skills, teamwork, non-academic work environments, project management. Professional Master’s – core MS, skills, teamwork, non-academic internship; business principles.