1. Cultural Framing in English Language (ESL) classrooms How cultural difference operates in the second language classroom.

2. A frame within a frame

3. What is meant by ‘framing’? Metaphor of picture frame Metaphor of camera frame Extended metaphor of lens

4. Michael Halliday Malinowski -> Halliday theory of context ->theory of text context-> text Halliday & Hasan, 1985, Language, context, and text: Aspects of language in a social semiotic perspective.

5. Claire Kramsch  Language teaching relies on our common humanity.  Cultural perspectives lead us to look for learning that emerges at points of difference. Kramsch, 1993, Context and Culture in Language Learning.

6. Deborah Tannen Related concepts:  Schema (Bartlett, 1932)  Script (Schank and Abelson, 1975)  Frame (Bateson, 1955; Hymes, 1974; Goffman, 1974; Frake, 1977)  Structures of expectations (Ross, 1975) Tannen, 1993, Framing in Discourse.

7. The English language classroom in Thailand How is ‘language’ construed?  Who has ownership? How is ‘learning’ construed?  Who has ownership? C1 or C2? Who is teaching and who is learning? How do cultural differences affect English language learning in Thailand?

8. The study so far … Visits to universities in Thailand. Plans for involvement in an intensive English course at RMUT. Application for position as teacher/researcher at CMU. Methods: text analysis; notes and journal; classroom recordings; interviews of students, teachers and others. Methodology: grounded theory.