1. Figurative Language Idiomatic expressions Personification Symbolism
Hyperbole
Synecdoche
Pun
Personification
Pathetic Fallacy
Simile
Metaphor
Oxymoron

2. Figurative and Literal Language
Literally: words function exactly as defined
The car is blue.
He caught the football.
Figuratively: figure out what it means
I’ve got your back.
You’re a doll.
^Figures of Speech

3. Metaphor Two things are compared without using “like” or “as.”
Examples
All the world is a stage.
Her heart is stone.

4. Comparison of two things using “like” or “as.”
Simile
Comparison of two things using “like” or “as.”
Examples
The metal twisted like a ribbon.
She is as sweet as candy.

5. A comparison must be made.
Important!
Using “like” or “as” doesn’t make a simile.
A comparison must be made.
Not a Simile: I like pizza.
Simile: The moon is like a pizza.

6. Exaggerating to show strong feeling or effect.
Hyperbole
Exaggerating to show strong feeling or effect.
Examples
My house is a million miles away.
She’d kill me if I told you her secret.

7. Personification Giving human traits to objects or ideas. Examples
The streets are calling me.
The fire swallowed the forest.

8. Pathetic Fallacy
Nature takes on human qualities or reflects human emotions.
A sub-group of personification
The sunlight danced across her face.
Water on the lake shivered.

9. Synecdoche A part of something represents the whole.
All hands on deck.
Wow, that’s a nice set of wheels.

10. Idiom A saying that isn’t meant to be taken literally.
Doesn’t “mean” what it says
Don’t be a stick in the mud!
You’re the apple of my eye.

11. Narrative Annotation Codes: Mark in pencil above each line of text that uses a device.
STRUCTURE:
E=Exposition (background on setting, character, etc.)
F=Figurative language (at least three uses)
C=Conflict (internal or external)
CX=Climax
D=Denouement
F-M=Metaphor
F-S=Simile
I=Imagery (of multiple senses
F-P=Personification
BE SPECIFIC:
F-H=Hyperbole
I-A=Auditory imagery (sound)
F-S=Synecdoche
I-V=Visual imagery (sight)
I-O=Olfactory imagery (smell)
I-G=Gustatory imagery (taste)
I-T=Tactile-kinesthetic (touch-sensation-movement)

12. He drew a line as straight as an arrow.1
He drew a line as straight as an arrow.

13. 2
A flag wags like a fishhook there in the sky.

14. 3
I'd rather take baths with a man-eating shark, or wrestle a lion alone in the dark, eat spinach and liver, pet ten porcupines, than tackle the homework, my teacher assigns.

15. 4
Ravenous and savage from its long polar journey, the North Wind is searching for food—

16. 5
Dinner is on the house.

17. 6
Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.

18. 7
The clouds smiled down at me.

19. 8
I could sleep forever!

20. 9
The wheat field was a sea of gold.

21. 10
Your face is killing me!

22. THANKS:
Credits: Nashua School District English Department