1. Presidents of the Past and Presidential Succession

2. George Washington First President under the Constitution 1789-1797Established: Importance of the office Discouraged any title, except, “Mr. President” Established rule that presidents seek advice and consent of Senate after the treaty is made

3. Thomas Jefferson Third President 1801-1809 Championed legislative agenda that reflected his party, Democratic- Republican Decentralized power and favored agricultural and rural areas Louisiana Purchase of 1803

4. Abraham Lincoln 16 th President 1861-1865 Conviction to unite nation Increased armed forces Emancipation Proclamation Began Reconstruction Suspended habeas corpus-reduced quick trials Strong leadership in crisis Assassinated 1865

5. Andrew Johnson 17 th President 1865-1869 First president to be impeached by the House, but not removed Senate did not try him

6. Theodore Roosevelt 26 th President 1901-1909 “bully pulpit” to achieve domestic and foreign policy objectives Championed Progressive Movement to break up economic and political power that undermined democracy and equality

7. Theodore Roosevelt Believed in racial equality Regulated railroads Increased environmental protection Square Deal “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Panama canal Formed Bull Moose Party

8. William Howard Taft 27 th President 1909-1913 After president, became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

9. Woodrow Wilson 28 th President 1913-1921 Progressive to expand presidential powers New Freedom Federal Reserve System to govern banks Regulated big business Federal Trade Commission 1914 World War I League of Nations

10. Herbert Hoover 31 st President 1929-1933 President during the Great Depression

11. Franklin D. Roosevelt 32 nd President 1933-1945 New Deal: Social reforms to end Depression Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA_ Security Exchange Commission Social Security Administration Unemployment Insurance World War II Elected four terms United Nations

12. Dwight D. Eisenhower 34 th President 1953-1961 Former General of European front in World War II Strengthened CIA Expanded interstate highway system

13. John F. Kennedy 35 th President 1961-1963 World War II PT Boat CO First president born in the 20 th century First presidential debate 1960 Served 1,000 days Assassinated 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis

14. Richard M. Nixon 37 th President 1969-1974 Created Environmental Protection Agency Opened relations with China 1972 Lessened tensions with the Soviet Union Withdrew troops from Vietnam 1973 First president to resign

15. Gerald Ford Selected as Vice President by Richard Nixon when Spiro Agnew resigned due to tax problems Became President when Nixon resigned in 1973 and selected Vice President Rockefeller The only President and Vice President not elected sitting in office at the same time. Pardoned Nixon which influenced the next election in 1976 when Jimmy Carter won.

16. Ronald Reagan 40 th President 1981-1989 Restored influence of presidency Public trust and confidence in White House The Great Communicator Fall of Berlin Wall

17. George H. Bush 41 st President 1989-1993 First Gulf War 1991

18. William J. Clinton 42 nd President 1993-2001 Republicans controlled house and Senate Scandal led to impeachment in House, but not removed

19. George W. Bush 43 rd President 2001-2009 2000 election one of closest and most disputed September 11, 2001 terrorists attacks Military offensive into Afghanistan Patriot Act Iraq War Strategy of “preventive war”: Right to launch war to confront worst threats before they emerge

20. Barack Obama 44 th President 2009- First African American Progressive National Health Care Debate Government control of finances

21. Chain of Command for Presidency President Vice President Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Other cabinet secretaries in order of the cabinet created until another president is selected House chooses president At least one cabinet secretary absent from State of Union Address in the event of a terrorist attack