1. SESSION 9 MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS

2. SESSION GOALS
To increase workshop participants’ understanding of: 1) Setting gender objectives 2) Identifying SMART gender-sensitive indicators 3) Setting targets 4) Monitoring throughout program/project lifecycle

3. Strategic Goal 4: Promoting Economic Growth and Prosperity
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Strategic Goal 4: Promoting Economic Growth and Prosperity
“The U.S. Government’s goal is rapid, sustainable, and broad-based economic growth, both domestically and internationally. To address the development challenges of the future, we must ensure that we lay the groundwork for future growth and support sustainable use of natural resources.
We will work to ensure that our efforts effectively target women because growth will lag without the full participation of women.”
U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development. Transformational Diplomacy. Strategic Plan Fiscal years Revised May 7, 2007, p. 26.

4. What are Performance Indicators?
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
What are Performance Indicators?
Performance Indicators describe how well a program is achieving its objectives.

5. How are Performance Indicators used?
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
How are Performance Indicators used?
Provide an indispensible management tool for making performance-based decisions about program strategies and activities.
Orient and motivate operating unit staff toward achieving results
Communicate USAID achievements (to host country counterparts, other partners, and customers)
Report results achieved to USAID’s stakeholders (including U.S. Congress, OMB, and citizens)

6. Levels of Performance Monitoring
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Levels of Performance Monitoring
Joint State/USAID Performance Plan
Country Strategic Plan
Project/Implementing Partner

7. Levels of Performance Monitoring
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Levels of Performance Monitoring
Level 1: US Department of State-USAID Strategic Plan FY /PART
Focus on demonstrating performance through common indicators
USAID/W focus on common indicators across countries
“F” Bureau Joint Performance Plan and Performance Report

8. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Level 1: US Department of State-USAID Strategic Plan FY Some Economic Growth Indicators:
Time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export/import goods
Number of people with increased access to modern energy and infrastructure services due to U.S. government assistance
Number of rural households benefiting directly from U.S. Government interventions in agriculture
Credit to private sector as percent of gross domestic product
Percent change in value of international exports of targeted agricultural commodities due to U.S. government assistance

9. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Level 1: Some indicators are disaggregated by “sex” or “sex of household head”
Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions (disaggregated by sex of claimed or presumed head)
Number of people gaining employment or better employment as a result of participation in USG-funded workforce development programs (disaggregated by sex, age, new vs. improved)
Number of borrowers from USG-assisted microfinance institutions (disaggregated by sex)
Number of individuals who have received USG supported short-term agricultural sector productivity training (disaggregated by sex)
Number of women’s organizations/associations assisted as a result of USG supported activities

10. Level 2: Country-level Strategic Plan/OP
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Level 2: Country-level Strategic Plan/OP
USAID mission (joint with Embassy)
report on Level 1 Indicators
“custom” indicators
Agriculture-specific: IEHA Indicators (Initiative to End Hunger in Africa)
USAID mechanisms for generating and reporting data
coordinates implementing partners inputs
funds activities to generate data for performance reporting

11. Level 3: Implementing Partner
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Level 3: Implementing Partner
Report data to USAID on Level 1 and 2 indicators
Use performance monitoring plan for project management
We will focus on Monitoring Gender Impacts on Level 3

12. What is a gender-sensitive Indicator?
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
What is a gender-sensitive Indicator?
Not just a disaggregation by sex
Not just a disaggregation by sex of household head

13. What is a gender-sensitive Indicator?
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
What is a gender-sensitive Indicator?
“Gender-sensitive” indicators have the special function of pointing out how far and in what ways development programs and projects have met their gender objectives and achieved results related to gender equity.”

14. Why are Gender-sensitive Indicators Important?
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Why are Gender-sensitive Indicators Important?
To know if we have achieved gender objectives
To communicate achievements toward gender objectives
To know if we have created gender differences

15. Integrating Gender into the Project Life Cycle
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Integrating Gender into the Project Life Cycle
Project Life Cycle

16. Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation
3. Monitor & Evaluate
Step 1: DEVELOP AND MONITOR INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes
Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives
Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact

17. Step 1: DEVELOP INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Step 1: DEVELOP INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes
Develop Indicators
Set baselines and targets

18. Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
Develop list of potential indicators
Assess potential indicators
Select best indicators
Document indicators in PMP
Direct
Objective
Adequate
Practical
Attributable
Useful
Reflect progress

19. Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
Develop list of potential indicators
Include important stakeholders in the development, e.g. local women’s organizations, NGOs, men and women project beneficiaries as appropriate

20. Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Steps to Develop Performance Indicators
‘Not everything that counts can be counted and not everything that can be counted counts.’
Albert Einstein

21. Three Types of Gender-Sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Three Types of Gender-Sensitive Indicators
Quantitative indicators - numerical measurements of changes
in the behaviors, attitudes and behaviors/practices of targeted individuals, disaggregated by sex and/or other social variables
# men/# women
Qualitative indicators - more subjective measures
that address perceptions and relative progress toward a target such as reduction of gender impediments
can be measured using scales, ranking and indices
# men/# women ranking their satisfaction level with government services
Process-oriented indicators – can be either
quantitative i.e., measuring the achievement of activity deliverables such as training attendance (#men/#women)
qualitative (e.g. quality of participation of men and women in workshops)

22. Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
Steps 1 and 6
Project Objectives
Step 2
Data Collection
Step 3
ID of Gender Constraints
Step 4
Actions to reduce gender constraints
Step 5:
Indicators
Original project objective:
Increase employment opportunities in horticultural production and processing plants
Employment in processing plants
Employment in horticulture production
Income increases due to employment

23. Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
Steps 1 and 5
Project Objectives
Step 2
Data Collection
Step 3
ID of Gender Constraints
Step 4
Actions to reduce gender constraints
Step 6:
Indicators
Revised project objective:
Increase employment opportunities in horticultural production and processing plants, especially in previously underrepresented positions
In households women plant/ weed/harvest; men prepare land varying by crop
Most women have completed primary education
Women are hired into low-paying production & processing jobs; Men are hired as supervisors
Sexual harassment is common
Social conditions (attitudes, harassment, lack of training) restrict employment opportunities for women, particularly in moving from line jobs to supervisory positions in horticultural production and processing plants
Publicize opportunities in supervisory and management positions to men and women
Provide management training to women
Provide trainings on sexual harassment to men and women
Sex-disaggregated data on employment
Number of women in supervisory and management positions
Percentage of women in supervisory and management positions

24. Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Example of Objective-level Indicator Development
Gender-sensitive Indicators
Sex-disaggregated data on employment
Number of women in supervisory and management positions
Percentage of women in supervisory and management positions.
General Indicators
Employment in processing plants
Employment in horticulture production

25. Setting Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Setting Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
Identify potential data sources
Generate data collection options
Select data collection options
Develop data collection tool

26. Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
Establish baselines – must know where you are in order to know where you are going
Establish realistic targets
Separate targets for women and men
Check your assumptions
For example, does an increase in household income benefit all household members equally? Instead of “increase farmers’ income by 25%” consider “increase income under women’s control by 25%”
Clarify areas where more information is needed
Determine how more information can be obtained
Have you interviewed both women and men?

27. Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Baseline and Targets for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
Avoid only counting bodies
Indicators should capture quality and not just quantity
Attendance only or true participation and decision-making
Quality of jobs rather than numbers of employed
Aim to measure changes in levels of inequality
Instead of “25 women joined the producer association” “Proportion of women producer association members increased from 25% to 50%; for the first time, women hold 3 leadership positions in the association”
If the indicator measures only volume of sales, it is not possible to determine if women’s proportion of sales have increased relative to men’s

28. Data Collection Issues for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Data Collection Issues for Gender-Sensitive Indicators
Sex-disaggregated secondary sources are generally weak or unavailable
Need interviews of individuals, not just household head
Data collected using sex of household head as key differentiator does not capture gender-impacts:
Better proxy for poverty than gender
female-headed households not homogenous

29. Performance Indicator Reference Sheet
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Performance Indicator Reference Sheet
Description of Indicator with definitions, units of measurement, disaggregation
Plan for data acquisition with methods, data sources, timing, estimated costs
Data quality issues with dates of initial and future quality assessments
Plan for data analysis review and reporting

30. Performance Data Table
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Performance Data Table

31. Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Integrating Gender into Monitoring and Evaluation
3. Monitor & Evaluate
Step 1: DEVELOP INDICATORS that measure gender-specific outcomes
Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives
Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact

32. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Step 2: MONITOR INDICATORS to determine progress toward gender objectives
Track progress toward gender objectives by reviewing progress toward indicator targets on a regular (quarterly, biannual) basis
Should be conducted along with review of all indicators

33. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Step 3: EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM ELEMENTS designed to address gender issues and on program impact
Gender-objective Achievement Report
An overall assessment of performance toward the achievement of gender objectives for the project
At a minimum should have a Mid-term and Final Evaluation Report (or section in report) to assess performance toward gender objectives

34. Acting on Monitoring Results
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Acting on Monitoring Results
Step 1: ADJUST DESIGN AND ACTIVITIES based on monitoring and evaluation results
Step 2: STRENGTHEN SUCCESSFUL ASPECTS of the program and rework aspects that do not adequately address project-related gender issues
4. Assess needs and
identify problems

35. 4. Assess needs and identify problems
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
4. Assess needs and identify problems
Step 1: ADJUST DESIGN AND ACTIVITIES based on monitoring and evaluation results
If project is not meeting gender-sensitive targets, then need to re-examine the assumptions underlying the activities
Sufficient number of activities?
Sufficient resources behind activities?
Variables outside control of project?

36. 4. Assess needs and identify problems
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
4. Assess needs and identify problems
Step 2: STRENGTHEN SUCCESSFUL ASPECTS of the program
Rework aspects that do not adequately address project-related gender issues
Derive and share lessons that can useful for other projects/programs

37. GENDER INTEGRATION MATRIX
Project Objectives
Data Collection
Identify of Gender Constraints
Actions to gender reduce constraints
Original project objective:
To raise rural household incomes through increased horticulture productivity
Revised project objective:
Majority of membership criteria to producer associations (roughly 85 percent) is based on land ownership
Post-harvest income is deposited in a bank account in the name of the registered producer
Many women do not have access to income deposited in bank accounts
Evidence of some households that open joint bank accounts
Women operate roughly half of farm enterprises
Women receive technical information about crops from their husbands
Married women lack incentives to increase productivity
Women have less access to inputs and technical assistance because membership to associations is based on formal land ownership
Devise innovative payment schemes to allow control of income to flow more directly to women
Explore the feasibility in different associations of promoting joint association membership and/or joint bank accounts 37 37

38. Exercise on Gender-sensitive Indicators
MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Exercise on Gender-sensitive Indicators
Based on the Revised Objective identified in Session 8:
Identify potential indicators
Identify potential data needed to specify baselines and target

39. MONITORING GENDER IMPACTS
Gender Integration in USAID Programming
Identify gender relations at the start of the project through gender analysis and establish an appropriate baseline
↓ (monitor changes)
Describe gender relations at the end of the project (results) and start of the next project (new baseline)
How will gender relations affect the achievement of sustainable results?
How will proposed results affect the relative status of men and women?