1. Post-transcriptional Processing

2. Processing Events in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

3. Capping RNA Stability –5'-5' linkage not recognized by RNAses –Methylation of 2'OH prevents use of the hydroxyl by RNAses Translation efficiency –CAP binding factor part of translation initiation – eIF4E Triphosphatase Guanysyl transferase Guanosine- 7-methyl transferase 2'-O-methyl transferase

4. Cleavage and Polyadenylation

5. Alternative pA Site Usage in Immunoglobulin Genes

6. Pre-mRNA Splicing

7. snRNAs & snRNPs: The Splice Girls U1 snRNA U2 snRNA U4 snRNA U5 snRNA U6 snRNA U1 snRNP* U2 snRNP U4 snRNP U5 snRNP U6 snRNP snRNAs associated with various numbers of proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes * Pronounced snurps

8. Splicing U1 snRNP –Recognition of 5’ splice site –Interaction with U6 snRNP U2 snRNP –Recognition of branch point sequences –Base pairs with U6 snRNP U4 snRNP –Base pairs with U6 & U5 snRNPs to recruit them to spliceosome U5 snRNP –Recognizes last nt in intron & first nucleotide in exon sequences U6 snRNP –Displaces U1 at 5' site while base pairing with U2 –Positions 5' site near branch point

9. Association of snRNAs with Pre- mRNA

10. Spliceosomal Complex

11. Capping and Splicing Occur Co-transcriptionally

12. Trans-Splicing in C. elegans Leader RNA is spliced onto 5' end of multiple pre-mRNAs

13. Alternative Splicing Regulates Drosophila Sex Determination

14. Other RNA Processing Events

15. Ribosomal RNA Processing

16. Small Nucleolar RNAs - snoRNAs

17. Some Modified Bases Found in RNA