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Observations of AGN with MIDI or „How to cope with faint targets with MIDI“ EuroSummer School Observation and data reduction with the VLTI Konrad R. W.

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Presentation on theme: "Observations of AGN with MIDI or „How to cope with faint targets with MIDI“ EuroSummer School Observation and data reduction with the VLTI Konrad R. W."— Presentation transcript:

1 Observations of AGN with MIDI or „How to cope with faint targets with MIDI“ EuroSummer School Observation and data reduction with the VLTI Konrad R. W. Tristram MPIA Heidelberg

2 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 2 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

3 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 3 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

4 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 4 Introduction: What are AGN? AGN (Active Galactic Nucleus): supermassive black hole (M > 10 6 M  ) at the centre of a galaxy actively accreting Large range of energetic phenomena: –X-ray emission –Ionisation cones –broad and narrow line regions –jets –…. Urry and Padovani, 1995

5 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 5 Introduction: The Unified scheme Unified AGN model: Geometrical effects lead to different manifestations (e.g. Seyfert 1 & 2) Broad Line Region Accretion Disk Obscuring Torus Ionisation Cone Black Hole

6 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 6 Introduction: The SED of AGN 9 10111213141516171819 log(ν) in Hz 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 log(νL ν ) in erg/s 1.2 keV 120 eV 10 nm 100 nm 1 µm 10 µm 100 µm 1 mm 1 cm 1 dm blue bump IR bump Ly α line soft excess Elvis et al., 1994

7 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 7 Introduction: Key questions Key questions: –What is history and evolution of AGN? –How is the accretion energy released? –What is the interplay between black hole and its host? –Is the picture of the unified scheme true? Search for direct evidence for dust torus –Observations in the MIR –Sufficient spatial resolution

8 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 8 Introduction: Nearby AGN NameTypeDistance [Mpc] 1 pc [mas] Flux [Jy] NGC 1068Sy 2171218.0 CircinusSy 24529.7 NGC 4151Sy 1.514151.2 NGC 5128Sy 24521.2 NGC 5506Sy 22870.9 NGC 1365Sy 1.82580.6 MCG -05-23-016Sy 23850.6 Mrk 1239Sy 19220.6 NGC 3783Sy 14550.6 NGC 3281Sy 25040.6 IRS 0518-25Sy 220010.5

9 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 9 Introduction: Why MIDI? Need MIR instruments with highest resolution!  Find this only at the VLTI: MIDI Goal for MIDI: –Resolve the putative dust torus directly for nearby active galaxies! VLT with the Residencia February 2005

10 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 10 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

11 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 11 Observations: Target list List of all AGN observed to date: NameFlux (10µm)TimeIn charge NGC 1068 (M77)13 JySDT / OTRaban Circinus5 JyGTOTristram NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)0.6 JyGTOMeisenheimer NGC 37830.5 JyOTBeckert Mrk 12390.4 JyGTOCotton MCG -05-23-0160.3 JyGTOCotton

12 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 12 Observations: Acquisition Example for a bright calibrator: HD120404 First iteration Flux: 10 Jy Filter: N8.7 DIT = 0.0040 NDIT = 1000 Beam ABeam B

13 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 13 Observations: Acquisition Example for a bright calibrator: HD120404 Second iteration Flux: ~10 Jy Filter: N8.7 DIT = 0.0040 NDIT = 1000 Beam ABeam B

14 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 14 Observations: Acquisition Example for a bright calibrator: HD120404 Third iteration Flux: ~10 Jy Filter: N8.7 DIT = 0.0040 NDIT = 1000 Beam ABeam B

15 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 15 Observations: Acquisition Example for a ‘bright’ AGN: Circinus galaxy First iteration Flux: 5 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 1000 Beam ABeam B

16 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 16 Observations: Acquisition Example for a ‘bright’ AGN: Circinus galaxy Second iteration Flux: 5 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 2000 Beam ABeam B

17 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 17 Observations: Acquisition Example for a ‘bright’ AGN: Circinus galaxy Third iteration Flux: 5 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 2000 Beam ABeam B

18 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 18 Observations: Acquisition Example for a faint AGN: Mrk1239 First iteration Flux: 0.6 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 8000 Beam ABeam B

19 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 19 Observations: Acquisition Example for a faint AGN: Mrk1239 Second iteration Flux: 0.6 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 8000 Beam ABeam B

20 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 20 Observations: Acquisition Example for a faint AGN: Mrk1239 Third iteration Flux: 0.6 Jy Filter: SiC DIT = 0.0017 NDIT = 12000 Beam ABeam B

21 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 21 Observations: Fringe search Fringe-Search on Mrk 1239 Fringe search and tracking then seems easy!

22 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 22 Observations: Fringe tracking Circinus

23 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 23 Observations: Fringe tracking MCG -05-23-016

24 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 24 Observations: Photometry HD 120404 Beam A without additional sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.012 NDIT = 1500

25 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 25 Observations: Photometry HD 120404 Beam A with additional sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.012 NDIT = 1500

26 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 26 Observations: Photometry Centaurus A Beam A without additional sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.018 NDIT = 10000

27 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 27 Observations: Photometry Centaurus A Beam A with additional sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.018 NDIT = 10000

28 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 28 Observations: Photometry Centaurus A Beam B without additional sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.018 NDIT = 10000

29 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 29 Observations: Photometry Centaurus A Beam B with special sky subtraction prism DIT = 0.018 NDIT = 10000

30 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 30 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

31 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 31 Data reduction What does EWS do? 1. data compression 2. background removal 3. instrumental OPD demodulation 4. atmospheric delay removal 5. determination of the differential phase 6. coherent integration  visibility and differential phase How to run EWS? IDL> midipipe, tag, files IDL> midicalibrate, scitag, caltag

32 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 32 Data reduction Almost exclusively with EWS Usage of optional settings (smooth, gsmooth, /dave) Calibrations problems: –usage of geometric or arithmetic photometry –Non detections  midisearch

33 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 33 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

34 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 34 NGC 1068: first results Jaffe et al. 2004 Two baseline orientations Modelled by two elliptical Gaussians: –Hot and cold component –Different silicate absorption

35 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 35 NGC 1068: first results Jaffe et al. 2004 Confirmation of the unified scheme!

36 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 36 NGC 1068: new observations Grism observations Open time 2005 13 independent visibility points -150 -100 -5050 100 150 -150 -100 -50 50 100 150 Period 76, 2005 u in m v in m

37 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 37 Circinus: properties Spiral galaxy SA(s)b, i = 65° Seyfert type 2 4 × 10 6 M  nucleus Distance ~4 Mpc → 50 mas ~ 1 pc 2MASS J, H, K s colour mosaic

38 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 38 Circinus: UV plane u in m -80 -60 -40-202040 60 80 -80 -60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 v in m Period 72, 04-02 (U3-U2) Period 73, 04-06 (U3-U2) Period 74, 05-02 (U3-U4) Period 75, 05-05 (U2-U3) Period 77, 06-05 (U2-U3) U2-U4 GTO observations from P72 to P77 15 independent visibility points (several ‘double’) some of these rather “dodgy”

39 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 39 Circinus: Correlated flux 8910111213 Wavelength λ in µm 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Flux in Jy Calibrated Correlated Flux ozone Circinus, observed: 2005-02-28 PA= 44°, BL=49.4m PA= 54°, BL=51.1m PA= 57°, BL=51.7m PA= 88°, BL=58.2m PA=120°, BL=62.0m PA=131°, BL=62.4m N

40 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 40 Circinus: Results Known geometry 1’’~ 20 pc O[III] Tristram et al. 2006 Expected torus configuration

41 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 41 Circinus: Results Measured geometry at 8.5 µm Tristram et al. 2006 -50-2550 RA in mas -50 -25 25 50 DEC in mas 0.46 pc 0.70 pc

42 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 42 Circinus: Results Measured geometry at 13 µm Tristram et al. 2006 -50-252550 RA in mas -50 -25 50 DEC in mas 0.70 pc 1.1 pc Confirmation of the unified scheme!

43 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 43 Centaurus A: properties Elliptical galaxy dust lane edge-on Seyfert type 2 FR 1 radio galaxy 6 × 10 7 M  nucl. Distance ~4 Mpc → 50 mas ~ 1 pc

44 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 44 Centaurus A: UV plane -80 -60 -40-202040 60 80 -80 -60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 Period 74, 05-02 (U3-U4) Period 75, 05-05 (U2-U3) u in m v in m GTO observations in P74 and P75 4 independent visibility points problems with photometry

45 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 45 Centaurus A: visibilities 8910111213 Wavelength in µm 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Visibility PA= 96°, BL=58.0m PA=119°, BL=62.0m Calibrated Visibility Centaurus A, observed: 2005-02-28 ozone No dust torus? Synchrotron emission?

46 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 46 Faint AGN

47 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 47 Faint AGN

48 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 48 Faint AGN

49 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 49 Faint AGN Observation time for faint targets: MCG -5-23-016―57 min Mrk 1239―53 min Mrk 1239―50 min  1 hour for faint target + ½ for calibrator. No problem tracking 200 mJy correlated flux. High visibility on sources

50 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 50 Contents Introduction: AGN, unified scheme, SED, key questions, why MIDI? Observations: acquisition, tracking and photometry for weak targets Data reduction: EWS Results for observed sources: NGC1068, Circinus, Centaurus A, weaker sources Prospects and advice

51 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 51 Prospects Long baselines for unresolved targets Shorter baselines for highly resolved targets  try ATs (?) Extension of sample (need FINITO)

52 13.06.2006Konrad R. TristramPage 52 Conclusions Only limited sample of observable AGN “Inconclusive” results To study more objects an increase of sensitivity needed

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