1. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Capita selecta on scholarly communication presented by Leo Waaijers, Manager of SURF Platform ICT and Reseach,SURF to the 2004 Winter Meeting ‘Economic Models for Scientific Information, Production and Distribution’ of ICSTI Paris, January 15-16, 2004.

2. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Philosophy Who’s responsible? Managerial concept Generic innovations –Repositories –Open Access To conclude

3. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Philosophy Scientific progress thrives on the symbiosis of creation & communication

4. Upon hearing that he was awarded the Nobel Prize with Brenner and Horvitz, Sir John Sulston is quoted as saying that: "The worm [C. elegans] worked so well because the community held an ethos of sharing - just as the public genome projects have - from the beginning. We gave all our results to others as soon as we had them. From sharing, discovery is accelerated in the community. Research is hastened when people share results freely." (The Guardian, UK, October 8, 2002)

5. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Who’s responsible? If communication and creation are equally important, management is equally responsible for both.

6. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Managerial concept If managers are prepared to accept their responsability, is there a managerial concept to rely upon?

7. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Knowledge cycle (Nonaka, Senge, Prahalad, Weggeman, Jacobs e.a.) create publish organize study

8. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Classical roles create publish organize study

9. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Change drivers 1.Serials crisis 2.Information & Communication Technology 3.Knowledge management theory Concatenating 1980-2000

10. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl New approach Content management is a strategical integral critical aspect of a knowledge intensive organisation

11. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl New roles

12. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Generic innovations –Repositories (OAI-MHP) –Open Access

13. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Open Access Comparing the Subscription Model and the Open Access Model in scholarly communication; Similarities and Differences

14. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Similarities Identical products: Edited en refereed scientific articles bundled by subject in journals. Permanently archived (e.g. through KB). New journals never have an impact factor. Publishing costs institute’s money.

15. Differences SubscriptionOpen Access Medium p-only or p+ee-only Copyright assigned exclusively to publisher remains with author Business paradigm monopolymarket Access proprietary toll wayopen on the internet Payment flat fee in advance or, recently, access price per article publication price per article or, recently, flat fee in advance Production process identical, except for the licensing/subscription complexities which are void in Open Access

16. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Price per article

17. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl An example For the year 2002 Wageningen University & Research Centre paid M€ 2.4 to get access to the most important scientific information. In an Open Access world (and publishing all its articles through BMC) Wageningen would have had to pay M$ 0.7* to get access to all scientific information published worldwide. * 1417 articles x $ 500

18. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Price differences may be caused by: paper ↔ electronic, monopoly ↔ market, commercial ↔ non-profit, tollage↔toll-free.

19. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl Food for thought "We believe there is a 50% risk of a change in the model ten years from now." and "BNP Paribas expresses its concern regarding the company’s (= Reed Elsevier’s) current subscription based access, as compared to the newer and more successful article-fee based open access system." ‘Professional Publishing’, 200 pp, BNP Paribas, October 2003 http://www.newratings.com/new2/beta/article.asp?aid=341832 http://www.newratings.com/new2/beta/article.asp?aid=341832

20. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl More food for thought US Sabo Bill 1 ("Public Access to Science Act") US Sabo Bill 2 ("Public Access to Science Act") UK Parliament, Science and Technoloy Committee Report on Changing Research Practices in the Digital Information and Communication Environment (Aus. Gov.)Report on Changing Research Practices in the Digital Information and Communication Environment (Aus. Gov.) AUS$ 12 million for managing university information The Wellcome Trust Statement The Berlin Decaration The Budapest Open Access Initiative Result: Directory of Open Access Journals (697 OA journals)Directory of Open Access Journals

21. 13-9-2015 waaijers@surf.nl To conclude The transfer to Open Access is a win (scientists) win (society) win (universities/institutes) win (libraries) win (publishers?) lose (shareholders) step.