1. Integrative Medicine and Phytotherapy Chapter 20

2. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. NCCAM n National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine —Investigates and evaluates alternative therapies and their effectiveness n National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine —Investigates and evaluates alternative therapies and their effectiveness

3. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Herbs and Botanicals n Used by many Americans n Always ask what patients are taking and frequency of use n Used by many Americans n Always ask what patients are taking and frequency of use

4. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Health is more than the absence of disease. The body can heal itself. Health is more than the absence of disease. The body can heal itself. Integrative Therapies n Naturopathy n Homeopathy n Traditional Chinese medicine n Acupuncture n Phytotherapy n Naturopathy n Homeopathy n Traditional Chinese medicine n Acupuncture n Phytotherapy

5. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Naturopathy n Therapeutic system that uses natural methods of healing (light, heat, air, water, and massage) n Modalities of naturopathy include phytomedicines, nutrition, nutritional supplements, and natural forces n Therapeutic system that uses natural methods of healing (light, heat, air, water, and massage) n Modalities of naturopathy include phytomedicines, nutrition, nutritional supplements, and natural forces

6. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chiropractic n Healing system —Involves manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal parts of the body —Meant to improve the normal functioning of the nervous system, which in turn helps to promote health n Healing system —Involves manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal parts of the body —Meant to improve the normal functioning of the nervous system, which in turn helps to promote health

7. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Homeopathy n School of medicine based on the theory that —Substances in large doses that produce symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure the same symptoms when administered in very dilute amounts n School of medicine based on the theory that —Substances in large doses that produce symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure the same symptoms when administered in very dilute amounts

8. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Traditional Chinese Medicine n Based on the concept of body life force chi (Qi) n Forces that must be balanced —Yin and yang and blood n Techniques used to bring chi back into balance —Acupuncture —Moxibustion —Chinese herbs n Based on the concept of body life force chi (Qi) n Forces that must be balanced —Yin and yang and blood n Techniques used to bring chi back into balance —Acupuncture —Moxibustion —Chinese herbs

9. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Regulation n Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). n Commission E monographs n Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). n Commission E monographs

10. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Commonly Used Botanicals n Echinacea n Garlic n Ginger n Gingko biloba n Ginseng n Echinacea n Garlic n Ginger n Gingko biloba n Ginseng n Hawthorn n Milk thistle n Saw palmetto n St. John’s wort n Valerian

11. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Echinacea n Source: Purple cornflower n Indication: Stop or moderate colds or flu n Action: Macrophages and their secretions n Cautions: Avoid if immune system is hampered and do not use continually n Source: Purple cornflower n Indication: Stop or moderate colds or flu n Action: Macrophages and their secretions n Cautions: Avoid if immune system is hampered and do not use continually

12. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Garlic n Source: Garlic plant n Indication: Lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides n Action: Chewing or crushing activates several sulfur- containing compounds n Cautions: Allergies, GI symptoms, interaction with anticoagulant drugs n Source: Garlic plant n Indication: Lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides n Action: Chewing or crushing activates several sulfur- containing compounds n Cautions: Allergies, GI symptoms, interaction with anticoagulant drugs

13. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Common Uses of Botanicals Ginger: For nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and motion sickness Gingko:Improved blood circulation Ginseng:General improvement from the steroidlike components Hawthorn:Heart conditions, works as well as an ACE inhibitor drug Ginger: For nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and motion sickness Gingko:Improved blood circulation Ginseng:General improvement from the steroidlike components Hawthorn:Heart conditions, works as well as an ACE inhibitor drug

14. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Common Uses of Botanicals—cont’d Milk thistle: Used to treat mild to moderate liver diseases Saw palmetto: Reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) St. John’sTreat mild to moderate wort:depression Valerian: Tranquilizer and sleep aid Milk thistle: Used to treat mild to moderate liver diseases Saw palmetto: Reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) St. John’sTreat mild to moderate wort:depression Valerian: Tranquilizer and sleep aid

15. © 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Summary n Identify use of herbs and botanicals. n Monitor for side effects. n Document for records. n Discuss with physician. n Identify use of herbs and botanicals. n Monitor for side effects. n Document for records. n Discuss with physician.