1. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 1 INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits

2. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 2 CENTRAL THEME Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and society for innovation research and -policy

3. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 3 S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETY Inseparable Innovation Systems Seamless web Social Construction Of Technology Co-evolution Mode 1 Mode 2 Technological culture

4. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 4 AN EXAMPLE OF A TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURE

5. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 5 OUTLINE What and why? Four Major Trends 3Consequences for Policy & Research 4To wind up

6. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 6 INNOVATION: WHAT & WHY?

7. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 7 WHAT? Inventions and innovations An innovation is a succesful application of an invention Innovation processes are complex processes of change characterised by co-evolution of scientific, technological, societal and economic systems

8. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 8 WHY? To innovate is difficult Nuclear energy Intelligence in the net or in the PC? Innovation in SMEs Computers in the schools Genetically modified food Failing new high tech firms Automation catastrophes

9. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 9 4 MAJOR TRENDS

10. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 10 1.STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN OUR ECONOMY Shift from agriculture industry (knowledge intensive) services Advent of Cultural Industry Revolution in agriculture: from mass production to specialties Increase knowledge intensive goods and services

11. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 11 INCREASE KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE GOODS AND SERVICES

12. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 12 QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES Dynamics innovation in services Role knowledge intensive (business) services in innovation Role IT in the New (?) Economy Knowledge infrastructure: agriculture, services, IT How to quantify/measure not only input, but also (intangible aspects of) throughput and output of innovation processes?

13. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 13 2.THE AGE OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 21st century belongs to biotechnology: –revolutionary changes in health-care system –many new technology based firms (NASDAQ) Changes in innovation processes: –public-private markets –risky product-development –many important ethical issues

14. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 14 THE AGE OF OF THE LIFE SCIENCES Many ethical issues: (human) Cloning Bio-patenting of human material Xeno-transplantation Genetic screening & privacy Preserving biodiversity Research with human embryos

15. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 15 QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES Dynamics innovation in life sciences Innovating in public-private markets How to handle ethical issues?

16. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 16 3.ADVENT OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY End of top down steering From discrete loosely coupled to fuzzy strongly coupled systems Optimizing systems in stead of parts Growing importance of:. Strategic alliances.Flexibility.Interface between organisations and systems IT and sustainable development: driving forces and facilitators

17. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 17 QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES How to innovate in chains, clusters and networks? How to handle competition versus co- operation? How to mobilise the creative potential of users? New role of government: concept & instruments Role of intermediaries

18. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 18 4.CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE From supply- to demand driven 2nd order Knowledge Infrastructure: knowledge intensive business services Distributed Knowledge Base:.Types of knowledge.Sources of knowledge.Users of knowledge.Transfer of knowledge From Mode 1 Mode 2

19. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 19 QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES New institutions, relations, missions in research system Role of multidisciplinary research in monodisciplinary research systems Quality control in a non-academic setting Role intermediaries, KIBS, 2nd order KIS Instruments to effectively involve users Status of researchers New, broader set of indicators

20. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 20 MAJOR TRENDS To wind up Structural changes in the economy: –services –new sectors –knowledge intensive products and services 21st century: life sciences Advent of network society/economy Changing knowledge infrastructures

21. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 21 CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICY AND - RESEARCH

22. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 22 CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIES Further development integral innovation policy STARTING POINTS: Taking whole innovation system into account Network character, important role intermediaries Interaction with users, learning, awareness, mobilising creative potential users Distributed nature knowledge base Multi-layered structure: international, national, regional, local

23. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 23 CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIES Further development integral innovation policy ACTIONS: Redesign roles and relations of actors and layers:.Government partner.Users & KIS interaction (intermediaries?).Politics stimulating debate Improving strategic intelligence: technology assessment, foresight, clusters, indicators Re-design KIS: consequences mode1 mode 2 New instruments: participative and communicative

24. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 24 INNOVATION RESEARCH Cases Innovation in services Innovation in life sciences IT and sustainability IT and the (New?) Economy

25. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 25 INNOVATION RESEARCH Theory Two main streams:.Processes (SCOT, evolutionary,...).Systems (Hughes, David, Freeman, Lundvall,..) Two problems:. Seperated.Description in terms of entities in stead of systems

26. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 26 INNOVATION RESEARCH Theory Role of intermediaries in innovation processes Innovation in chains, clusters, networks and systems Development of indicators (throughput, output, intangibles)

27. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 27 INNOVATION RESEARCH Analysis and support of decision- making Content:. Insight in potential & assesment & implementation.Technology assessment, technology foresight, clusterstudies, indicators Process:. Support actors in innovation processes in networks.Scenarios, gaming, group decision support systems, strategic workshops

28. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 28 TO WIND UP

29. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 29 TO WIND UP Innovation is the work of man, but........making science and technology work is by no means easy, and.........very dependent on:. the further development of integral innovation policies. deeper insight in relation between processes and systems. adequate indicators and strategic intelligence

30. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 30 MEDIATOR BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ARTEFACTS AND USERS

31. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 31 INNOVATION To wind up Science and technology are the work of man, and by this policy makes sense Influencing S&T in the direction we want is not easy Succesful innovation is far more than pure S&T

32. Stockholm 15-01-2001 6CP workshop Innovation Policies for a new Era 32 FROM MODE 1 MODE 2 MODE 1 Academic context Disciplinary Homogeneous Hierarchical & stable Academic quality control Accountable for academic world MODE 2 Application oriented Transdisciplinary Heterogeneous Heterarchical and variable Broader quality control Accountable for society as a whole