1. Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt Prof. Kenneth L. Verosub Dept of Geology University of California, Davis,

2. Santiago and its mountains

3. Rivers of Central Chile

4. Glacial and Snow Melt

5. Rivers and glaciers

6. Rio Cruces discharge record

7. Center of Volume Sierra Nevada (Calif.)

8. Spring Fraction of Runoff Sierra Nevada (Calif.)

9. Basic Hypothesis: Riverflows can be measured using only geospatial imagery.

10. River Gauge

11. Rating Curve

12. An Alternate Approach Measure the width

13. River Profile Use width to determine height from topographic profile. An Alternate Approach (con’t)

14. Q = v A v = c (RS) 1/2 Basic flow equation: where Q is discharge, v is velocity and A is area Chezy equation: where c is a constant, R is hydraulic radius and S is the slope of the channel. Hydraulic radius is the area divided by the wetted perimeter.

15. c = (1/n) R 1/6 Q = (1/n) A R 2/3 S 1/2 Manning Chezy equation: Manning equation: where n is the roughness coefficient. Note: A, R, and S can be determined from detailed topography or a DEM, and n can be estimated visually.

16. GeoEye-1 5 spectral bands 40 cm resolution (visible) Commercial

17. GeoEye: Coliseum in Rome

18. GeoEye: Kansas City Airport

19. Obtain topographic maps or DEMs (at low flow) from stereo image pairs, SRTM and/or Lidar. Determine topographic profile and slope for target site. Calculate other geometric parameters from width vs. depth relationship. Use Manning-Chezy Equation (and others) to calculate discharge as a function of width. Use regular imagery to determine flows at other dates/times. Basic Methodology

20. Width vs. Depth

21. Area (A) Perimeter Hydraulic Radius (R) Mean Depth (Ym) Width (W) vs. Depth Numerical integration of to obtain for any given depth.

22. Half-width vs. Depth

23. Q = (1/n) A R 0.67 S 0.5 Q = 7.1 A Y m 0.67 S 0.33 Q = 7.22 W 1.02 Y m 1.74 S 0.33 Q = 4.62 W 1.17 Y m 1.57 S 0.34 Bjerklie et al. equation: Dingman and Sharma equation: Manning (Bjerklie) equation: Manning Chezy equation:

24. Mississippi at Thebes

27. Width vs. Discharge Curve

28. 6/25/2006 12/27/2003 6/01/2007 3/8/2009 3/18/2006 a 6/4/2010 Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Chronological

29. 6/25/2006 12/27/2003 6/01/2007 3/8/2009 3/18/2006 a 6/4/2010 Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential

30. 6/4/2010 32 6/25/2006 6.4 12/27/2003 9.7 6/01/2007 2.7 3/8/2009 29 3/18/2006 66 a Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential (II)

31. a Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Match-ups

32. Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Application – Monitoring Rivers

33. April 2011 precipitation

34. Measuring flows on the Mississippi River

35. Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned. Application – Monitoring Rivers

36. Gauging stations are few and far between

37. Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned. Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts. Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas. Application – Monitoring Rivers

38. Mountain runoff is poorly understood.

39. Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned. Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts. Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas. Combine with Lidar for total “state of the river” analysis. Application – Monitoring Rivers

40. “State of the River” Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

41. “State of the River” Murray-Darling Basin Commission website

42. “State of the River” Yellowstone River Basin Lidar

43. “State of the River” Yellowstone River Lidar corridor

44. Application to Chile

45. Gauging stations in Bio Bio province

46. Period of dicharge record.

47. Gracias.