1. Internal Forces and Climate

2. I. Introduction

3. Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years

4. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance

5. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance.000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = ???

6. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance.000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

7. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance.000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

8. II. The endogenic effect A. Overview

9. II. The endogenic effect A. Overview “The difference between the two masses represent a balance in endogenic mechanics”

11. Archimede’s Principle: An object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

12. II. The endogenic effect B.Epeirogeny “uplift or depression on a regional scale, with minimal disruption of original rock structure” e.g.: isostacy

14. C. Orogeny and Tectonic Geomorphology

15. D. Volcanism

16. Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma

17. D. Volcanism 1. Lava Plains and Plateaus

20. D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes

21. Shield volcanoes –Tall volcanoes –3 or 4 miles tall –Wide base – Diameter of ten of miles

23. Mauna Loa, HI

26. D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2.Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes

28. Cinder cones –Short, narrow cone, –Steep sides –Violent eruptions

29. Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

31. D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2.Shield Volcanoes 3.Cindercone Volcanoes 4. Composite Volcanoes

32. Composite or stratovolcanoes – –Tall volcanoes – 1 to 2 miles high –Violent eruptions

34. Mayon Volcano, Phillippines

35. Mt. St. Helens, WA

38. III. Climatic Geomorphology A. Overview “Examine the relationship between landforms and climate”

39. CLIMATE-PROCESS SYSTEM

40. MORPHOGENETIC SYSTEM

41. III. Climatic Geomorphology A.Overview B.Geomorphic Response “response time”

42. III. Climatic Geomorphology A.Overview B.Geomorphic Response “response time”

43. Orbital Eccentricity 100,000 yr cycle Axial Tilt 41,000 yr cycle Precession of Equinoxes (wobble effect) 11,000 yr cycle Milankovitch Cycles