1. EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES REVIEW

2. Which seismic waves are the fastest?

3. P waves

4. Which seismic waves are the first to be recorded?

5. P waves

6. Which seismic waves are the second to be recorded?

7. S waves

8. Which seismic waves can only travel through solids?

9. S waves

10. Which seismic waves are the slowest?

11. L waves

12. Which seismic waves travel on the surface?

13. L waves

14. What is the boundary between the crust and the mantle due to the change of speed of seismic waves?

15. Moho

16. What are the areas called where neither S nor P waves can be detected?

17. Shadow zones

18. What is the theory that says energy builds up on each side of a fault and the rocks move slowly and then spring back to their original shape?

19. Elastic rebound theory

20. What are small tremors that occur after the first release of energy?

21. aftershocks

22. What is the area where the slippage first occurs inside the earth?

23. focus

24. What is the point on earth’s surface directly above the focus?

25. epicenter

26. What are the three classifications of foci?

27. Shallow, intermediate, and deep

28. What are the three major earthquake zones?

29. 1.Pacific Ring of Fire 2.Mid-ocean ridges 3.Eurasian – Mediterranean mt. belt

30. What is the name of the fault in California where the Pacific plate and North American plate slide past each other?

31. San Andreas Fault (technically it’s the N. American plate and the Juan de Fuca plate)

32. What is the device used to record earthquakes?

33. Seismograph

34. How many stations are needed to locate an earthquake?

35. three

36. Which scale measures the magnitude or the amount of energy released from an earthquake?

37. Richter Scale

38. What are the numbers for the Richter scale?

39. Arabic Numerals They begin a 1-2 and it is an open-ended scale, based on the seismograph’s reading.

40. Which scale measures the intensity or amount of damage from an earthquake?

41. Mercalli

42. What are the numbers for the Mercalli Scale?

43. Roman numerals

44. What can be generated from an earthquake with an epicenter on the ocean floor?

45. Tsunami

46. What is the molten rock beneath earth’s surface called?

47. magma

48. What is molten rock on earth’s surface called?

49. lava

50. What is it called when one plate moves under another plate and forms volcanic mountains?

51. subduction

52. What is it called when plates move apart and magma rises to form new ocean floor?

53. Sea-floor spreading

54. What are areas of volcanic activity within a plate (not on a boundary) called?

55. Intraplate volcanism (aka hot spot)

56. What is the lava that comes from quiet eruptions called?

57. Mafic (aka basaltic lava)

58. What is the lava that comes from explosive eruptions called?

59. Felsic Lava (aka rhyolytic lava)

60. What is mafic (basaltic) lava that looks ropey and wrinkled when it is hardened?

61. pahoehoe

62. What is mafic (basaltic) lava that is sharp and jagged when it hardens?

63. aa

64. What is the volcanic cone that has gently sloping sides from quiet explosions?

65. Shield Cone Volcano

66. What is the volcanic cone that has steep sides from explosive eruptions?

67. Cinder cone

68. What is the volcanic cone that is a combination of quiet and explosive layers?

69. Composite Cone (aka stratocone)

70. What is a funnel shaped pit at the top of a vent that formed when a volcano exploded?

71. crater

72. What is formed when a volcanic cone collapses when emptied, leaving behind a large basin that can fill with water?

73. caldera

74. The name of a volcanic fragment is determined by what?

76. Size of the particle

77. What is the general name for rock fragments that are ejected from a volcano?

78. tephra

79. What are the two smallest types of tephra?

80. Dust and ash

81. What are clots of lava that spin into the air and cool to make a spindle shape?

82. Volcanic Bombs

83. What is the name of the largest volcano – on Mars?

84. Olympus Mons

85. What is the name of Jupiter’s moon that has the most active volcanoes?

86. Io

87. This concludes today’s fun. Please put everything away and let’s begin the test!!!