1. Global distribution of heat text

2. Spectra of incoming vs. outgoing radiation text

3. Heat loss and gain from the oceans text

4. The Modern Ocean Conveyor Belt

5. North Atlantic circulation

6. North Atlantic

7. Atlantic deep-water circulation

8. Global deep-ocean circulation

9. Phanerozoic glaciation

10. Gondwana moves over the South Pole

11. Vail – 1 st & 2 nd order SL cycles

12. Sea level & spreading rates

13. 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 Relation of Sea-Floor Age to Depth and Spreading Rate Pacific Atlantic SW Indian MOR Age of crust (My)

14. Cretaceous – fast spreading 6-8 cm/yr

15. Modern spreading – 3-4 cm/yr

16. Ocean basins and continental collision

17. Fragmented continents – high SL

18. Assembled continents riding high

19. Global ice volume

20. Vail – 1 st & 2 nd order SL cycles Cretaceous high

21. Cretaceous 100 Ma Land & ocean

22. Latitudinal heat distribution – Cretaceous

23. Modern deep-water circulation

24. Cretaceous deep-water circulation

25. Cretaceous sources of dense water

26. Mid-Cretaceous Europe

27. Cretaceous warm deep water circulation

29. Breaking up Pangaea

30. Opening the Atlantic – Pangaea / Permian

31. Opening the Atlantic – Permian

32. Opening the Atlantic – Triassic

33. Opening the Atlantic – Early Jurassic

34. Opening the Atlantic Middle Jurassic

35. Opening the Atlantic – Middle Jurassic

36. Opening the Atlantic – Late Jurassic

37. Opening the Atlantic – Early Cretaceous

38. Opening the Atlantic Middle Cretaceous

39. Opening the Atlantic – Middle Cretaceous

40. Opening the Atlantic – Late Cretaceous

41. Isotope record since the Late Cretaceous

42. Ice volume and isotopes

43. d18O of ice at poles

44. Isotope record since the Late Cretaceous

45. Ocean gateways – submarine plateaus

46. Isolating Antarctica

47. North Atlantic Iceland-Faeroe Ridge

48. North Atlantic features

49. Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico Panama Antilles Islands (volcanic) Puerto Rican Trench Amazon Cone Caribbean Sea Cayman Trough

50. South Atlantic South America Africa Antarctica Walvis Ridge Rio Grande Rise & Vema Channel Drake Passage

51. Walvis Ridge

52. Patagonia & Drake Passage Antarctic Peninsula (1) Falkland Plateau & IslandsFalkland Plateau & Islands (2) South Sandwich TrenchSouth Sandwich Trench & Islands

53. Southern Ocean Australia South America South Africa

54. Southern Indian Ocean Australia Africa Kerguelen Plateau Antarctica Tasman Plateau

55. Northern Indian Ocean 90 East Ridge Chagos- Laccadive Plateau

56. Australia & New Zealand

57. Cenozoic – Paleocene

58. Cenozoic – Eocene

59. Late Cenozoic Sea level

60. Cenozoic – Oligocene

61. Cenozoic – Miocene

62. Modern continental ice

63. High topography Western North America

64. Orographic effect

65. India collides

66. Tibetan Plateau

67. Looking into the Himalayas

68. Himalayas and monsoons

69. Sediment flux to ocean basins – 40 Ma

70. Strontium isotopes 400 Ma

71. Closure of Panama – Pliocene

72. Table SL fall 80 Ma