1. Newly detected ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere SAP Presentation OEWG, Paris, 14-18 July 2014

2. These gases are listed in the Montreal Protocol. CFC-112 (CFCl 2 CFCl 2 ) – under Annex B CFC-112a (CF 2 ClCCl 3 ) – under Annex B CFC-113a (CF 3 CCl 3 ) – under Annex A HCFC-133a (CF 3 CH 2 Cl) – under Annex C. Regulated under Article 2F

3. What are these newly found compounds? GWPs and radiative efficiencies are derived from a new study by Etminan et al. (2014). a Only one study to date. b Based on a mixture of -112 and -112a

4. CFC-112CFC-112a CFC-113aHCFC-133a 51 yr 44 yr 4.3 yr 19651975198519952005 1965197519851995200519651975198519952005 19651975198519952005 Annual Emissions (Gg) 0 2 3 4 1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0 2 3 1 0 4 6 2 Mixing Ratio (ppt) 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 How are these newly found compounds evolving? Laube et al. (2014) Figure 1 CFC-112 and -112a are both declining Emissions have also declined CFC-113a and HCFC- 133a are increasing rapidly Emissions are increasing

5. The levels of the new compounds are not particularly high when measured against other ODSs These are not new compounds, but now detected in the atmosphere Current 2013 levels of global effective equivalent stratospheric chlorine (EESC) is about 1700 parts per trillion (ppt) The maximum contribution of these new CFCs is about 4 ppt of EESC - this is <0.2% of the global EESC total. The maximum 2011 emissions contribution is about 8,000 Gg CO 2 -Eq per yr. This is <0.5% of the global 2011 ODS GWP weighted emissions.

6. What are the sources? CFC-112 and -112a (decreasing): may have been used as feedstock chemicals for fluorovinyl ether production and also as solvents for cleaning electronics. For CFC-112, 1989-2001 production has been reported but only small quantities. No CFC-112a production reports have been released - it may have been reported as CFC-112. CFC-113a (increasing): emissions could be related to usage as an intermediate for HFC-134a production. Also used as a feedstock for insecticide production (cyhalotrin and tefluthrin). HCFC-133a (increasing): used in the production of pharmaceuticals and is an intermediate product in HFC-134a production (TEAP, 2012).

7. Summary CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, HCFC-133a have been newly discovered by analysis of air samples and from air trapped in snow. These compounds are included under the Protocol. All of these gases are ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases. Concentrations are currently quite small in comparison to levels of other ODSs in the atmosphere. Not currently significant for ozone depletion and climate forcing. CFC-112 and CFC-112a are decreasing CFC-113a and HCFC-133a are increasing Details on these gases will be found in the SAP 2014 Scientific Assessment

8. Thank you for your attention! Thanks for contributions from Keith Shine, Johannes Laube, Guus Velders, Lambert Kuijpers, David Sherry, Stefan Reimann, Maryam Etminan

9. Other matters HFO-1233zd, lifetime = 40 days, –ODP = 0.00034 (strongly dependent on emission location)