1. 1 Management of Aquifer Recharge and Energy Storage (MARES) …..Aquifer Recharge and Storage ….Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

2. 2 Management of Aquifer Recharge and Storage (MARS): 15% of drinking water in Hollan d

3. 3 MARS TECHNIQUES

4. 4 ATES wells (open system): Summer Winter

5. Closed ATES system (tubes) 5

6. 6 Four products MARES project Quick scan technical feasibility of MARES in Romania Inventory of institutional and legal issues Preliminary designs Training of Romanian experts

7. 7 Quick Facts ATES Heating and cooling of buildings, offices, processes Saves up to 90% on primary energy and CO 2 Cooling without air conditioning Using winter “cold” for cooling in summer Using summer heat for heating in winter Energy neutral system (after T) Return on investment between 1 and 7 years and also…. Using groundwater with average temperature of 5-15 o C Wells in aquifer, between 20 till max 300 m -sl No harmful effects for the environment or aquifer system No smell, no noise, no visual effects

8. 8 Quick Facts (2) Development in Holland 19922008 End of 2008: > 1.000

9. 9 Usage ATES can be used for: Office buildings; Hospitals and schools; Urban areas (as alternative of district heating); Private houses (different but similar technique); Appartment buildings Greenhouses; etc

10. 10 Example: office building (The Hague, NL) Office space of 35.000 m2 Thermal energy demand Cold 1.800 kW Heat 2.150 kW Conventional system was: district heating and cooling equipment (airco) Old system is changed by ATES with 4 wells Result Pay back time of additional investments for ATES: 4 years. Reduction of costs for energy, € 800.000,-- over a period of 10 yrs

11. 11 Example: office building (Zwolle, NL) Office space of 28.500 m2 Thermal energy demand Cold 2.000 kW Heat 1.750 kW Conventional system was: gas fired boilers and cooling equipment Old system changed by ATES with 2 wells Result: Pay back time additional investment less then 2 years. Reduction of energy costs, € 1.000.000 over a period of 10 yrs The office produces a heat surplus.

12. 12 Information ATES wells and groundwater abstraction wells (for drainage of civil construction site)

13. 13 Information Normal situation (without building pit drainage) Planned situation (with building pit drainage) Cold groundwater lost by abstraction for building pit drainage

14. 14 Modelled well temperatures Temperature difference discharged groundwater due to building pit drainage

15. 15 Example: Hospital (Turkey) Electrical energy saving of 3.250 MWh/year for cooling 1.000 m3 of oil for heating. Total investment cost was calculated to roughly 1 million USD Value of energy savings as approximately 500.000 USD pay-back time of 2 years

16. 16 MARS in Romania The underground might be feasible for MARS Climate change – increasing droughts favors MARS Strategic interests of ROC? Energy and economic savings Legal aspects under present laws might need adaptions How to Realize? Feasibility study (technical, economical, juridical) Test drilling Design and specification Arrangement of permits Selecting construction team Construction and realization Commissioning Monitoring

17. 17 ATES in Romania The underground seems feasible for ATES The climate is very suitable Decrease of oil and gas dependence CO2 and primary energy savings up to 90 % Strong reduction on exploitation costs Legal aspects under present laws might need adaptions How to Realize? Feasibility study (technical, economical, juridical) Test drilling Design and specification Arrangement of permits Selecting construction team Construction and realization Commissioning Monitoring

18. 18 ATES in Romania: feasibility Feasibility of the subsoil

19. 19 ATES in Romania: feasibility next step Is there an aquifer present? (sand, chalk, sandstone) Has the aquifer the right properties? Has the groundwater the right quality? Are there any legal restrictions? ATES is not possible ATES is possible - groundwater protection area - prohibition for well drilling ATES maybe possible; water quality is point of attention anaerobic conditions (no O2 and NO3) ATES is not possible - it is possible to extract 50 m ³/h - minimum depth aquifer = 20 m below ground level - maximum temperature of the groundwater = 20 °C ATES is not possible

20. 20 MARS in Romania: feasibility next step Is there an aquifer present? (sand, chalk, sandstone) Has the aquifer the right properties? Infiltration feasible by basins or wells Are there any legal restrictions? MARS is not possible MARS is possible - groundwater protection area - prohibition for well drilling MARS maybe possible; water quality is point of attention - phreatic or confined conditions MARS is not possible - it is possible to extract >20 m³/h - K > 5 m/d and 10 m - enough horizontal extension, > 1 km2 MARS is not possible

21. 21 MARES planning

22. 22 For Quick Scan – Elaboration phase Actions: Form team INHGA – AR – MoEF - BDG Quick scan inventory of what happens already (MARS and ATES) based on literature review, websearch etc. Connect with Gabardine project for MARS? Production of two national feasibility maps (MARS and ATES) Short description of top 10 regions/locations for MARS and ATES

23. 23 Information ATES and MARS (MARES) consortium in Romania: BDG, contact Mrs Florentina Nanu or Mrs Ioana Groza E-mail: florentina.nanu@bdgind.ro ; ioana.groza@bdgind.roflorentina.nanu@bdgind.ro Telephone: +40723152330 Hydrological effects