1. PHYS40422: Applied Nuclear Physics Paul Campbell Room 4.11 Paul.Campbell-3@manchester.ac.uk 1.Interaction of Radiation with Matter 2.Radiation Detection 3.Biological Effects of Radiation 4.Applications of Nuclear Techniques 5.Nuclear Fission 6.Nuclear Fusion http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/Paul.Campbell-3/phys40422.htm

2. V R particle gas earthed wall Voltage amplifier Archetypal gas detector

3. A B C D E

4. lnq or lnV t electrons: 10 μs timescale +ve ions: 10 ms timescale RC of circuit Output signal from an ion chamber: no Frisch grid

5. Anode Cathode particle 1 particle 2 ~100 μs ~10μs e - drift times

6. q or V t t 0 from bandwidth Particle close to cathode Particle close to anode Charge collection from electrons produced by ionisation in a gas detector with no Frisch grid

7. q or V t particle close to anode particle close to cathode Output pulses produced by a narrow bandwidth amplifier: no Frisch grid

8. Anode Cathode Frisch grid Charge collection with a Frisch grid

9. The silicon p-n Junction Detector V Al contact Au contact n-type Si p-type Si depletion layer

12. A typical NaI(Tl) spectrum

13. NaI compared with Ge