1. Project X Research Program R. Tschirhart Representing the Collaboration Coordination Committee for Project-X Physics July 29 th, 2011

2. Research begins with people! July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Dr. Kalam in April with Fermilab Scientists of Indian origin.

3. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Project-X Project-X Photo: H. Hayano, KEK

4. Origins… July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit The Origin of Mass: How do massless chiral fermions become matter particles? (buzzword: “Higgs”) The Origin of Matter: Why are there so many different kinds of matter particles with different properties? (buzzword: “Flavor”) The Origin of the Universe: Where did matter come from in the first place and why didn’t it all annihilate with antimatter? (buzzwords: “Baryogenisis”, “Leptogenisis”) Joe Lykken Project-Y:

5. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit An integrated approach to direct and indirect and probes in science… A distinguished history: Led to a “fundamental” theory of biology: G. Mendel R. Franklin

6. The Energy Frontier exploits Einstein’s mass-energy relation, E=mc 2. The Intensity Frontier exploits Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,  E  t ≳ ħ/2 E=mc 2 appearance of real new particles  E  t ≳ ħ appearance of virtual new particles High energy crucialHigh intensity crucial Feymann’s tools July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit

7. The Project-X Research Program July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Neutrino oscillation experiments A high-power proton source with proton energies between 8 and 120 GeV would produce intense neutrino beams directed toward near detectors on the Fermilab site and massive detectors at distant underground laboratories. Kaon, muon, nuclei & neutron precision experiments These could include world leading experiments searching for muon-to-electron conversion, nuclear and neutron electron dipole moments (edms), and world-leading precision measurements of ultra- rare kaon decays. Platform for evolution to a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Neutrino Factory and Muon-Collider concepts depend critically on developing high intensity proton source technologies. Nuclear Energy Applications Accelerator, spallation, target and transmutation technology demonstration which could investigate and develop accelerator technologies important to the design of future nuclear waste transmutation systems and future thorium fuel-cycle power systems.

8. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit What are Neutrinos Telling Us? Andre de Gouvea

9. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Kaon, Muon and EDM Experiments Deeply Attack the “Flavor Problem” Why don’t we see the Higgs-scale Physics we expect affecting the flavor physics we study today?? e.g. D0 2  charge asymmetry arXiv:1106.6308

10. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit This Science has attracted Competition: The Proton Source Landscape This Decade... Pulsed machines driving neutrino horns: SPS (0.5 MW), Main Injector ( 0.3 MW now, 0.7 MW for Nova), JPARC (0.2 MW now, plan for 1.7 MW) Cyclotrons and synchrotrons driving muon programs PSI (1.3 MW, 600 MeV), JPARC RCS (0.1-0.3 MW) Synchrotrons driving kaon physics programs. SPS (0.015 MW), JPARC (goal of >0.1 MW), Tevatron (0.1 MW) Linear machines driving nuclear and neutron programs: SNS, LANL, FRIB….not providing CW light-nuclei beams. M Seidel, PSI Project-X

11. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit The High Duty Factor Proton Source Landscape This Decade... x Duty Factor * * * PSI TRIUMF power Stopped/Slow kaon yield/Watt * Beam power x Duty Factor Project-X CW-Linac

12. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X Neutrino Physics:  Mass Hierarchy  CP violation  Precision measurement of the  23 (atmospheric mixing). Maximal??  Anomalous interactions, e.g.    probed with target emulsions (Madrid Neutrino NSI Workshop, Dec 2009)  Search for sterile neutrinos, CP & CPT violating effects in next generation e, e  X experiments….x3 beam power @ 120 GeV, x10-x20 power @ 8 GeV.  Next generation precision cross section measurements. Possible Day-1 Experiment

13. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit J.Strait, Fermilab - DOE Science & Technology Review July 12-14, 2010 13 Sample with bullet points First Bullet Second Bullet üMore üYet more üStill more üLess important Trivial New Neutrino Beam at Fermilab… …directed towards a precision near detector and a massive far detector.

14. Project-X and LBNE… July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Project-X makes LBNE a much better experiment! The recent US National Research Council (NRC) report recognized this: " The long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment would provide a great advance in the study of neutrino properties, particularly when coupled with a neutrino beam produced at Fermilab using a new high- intensity proton source under development. “ The NRC also recognized that the principal consideration for LBNE is Beam-Power x Detector-Mass.

15. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Rare processes sensitive to new physics… Warped Extra Dimensions as a Theory of Flavor??

16. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Muon Physics:  Next generation muon-to-electron conversion experiment, new techniques for higher sensitivity and/or other nuclei.  Next generation (g-2)  if motivated by next round, theory, LHC. New techniques proposed to JPARC that are beam-power hungry…   edm    3e    e     e +    A   + A’ ;   A  e + A’ ;   e - (A)  e - e - (A)  Systematic study of radiative muon capture on nuclei. An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Possible Day-1 Experiment

17. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Kaon Physics :  K +    : >1000 events, Precision rate and form factor.  K L     1000 events, enabled by high flux & precision TOF.  K +      : Measurement of T-violating muon polarization.  K +    x : Search for anomalous heavy neutrinos.  K L    e  e   10% measurement of CP violating amplitude.  K L         10% measurement of CP violating amplitude.  K 0  X : Precision study of a pure K 0 interferometer: Reaching out to the Plank scale (  m K /m K ~ 1/m P )  K 0,K +  LFV : Next generation Lepton Flavor Violation experiments …and more Possible Day-1 Experiments

18. Project-X High-Intensity Campus Kaon facility July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit

19. Nuclear Enabled Particle Physics:  Production of Ra, Rd, Fr isotopes for nuclear edm experiments that are uniquely sensitive to Quark-Chromo and electron EDM’s. Baryon Physics:  pp   + K 0 p + ;    p       (HyperCP anomaly, and other rare  + decays)  pp  K +  0 p + ;  0 ultra rare decays  neutron – antineutron oscillations   0  0 oscillations (Project-X operates below anti-baryon threshold)  neutron EDMs An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Possible Day-1 Experiment

20. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit The Quest for Electric Dipole Moments + - + - - + TP EDMSpinEDMSpinEDM Spin A permanent EDM violates both time-reversal symmetry and parity Neutron Diamagnetic Atoms (Hg, Xe, Ra, Rn) Paramagnetic Atoms (Tl, Fr) Molecules (PbO) Quark EDM Quark Chromo-EDM Electron EDM Physics beyond the Standard Model: SUSY, Strings … To understand the origin of the symmetry violations, you need many experiments! Guy Savard, ANL

21. Efforts toward building the Indian-US Research Collaboration July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit A solid foundation at Fermilab: D0 collaboration, MINOS and MINOS+ collaborations, MIPP collaboration and now the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE). January 2011: Focus meeting for Project-X research, formation of the Collaboration Coordination Committee for Project-X Physics (C3P2) Indian side:Professor Dugad (TIFR), Professor Roy (IUAC), Dr. Mohanakrishnan (IGCAR) US side: Dr. Mishra, Dr. Plunkett, Dr. Tschirhart (Fermilab) March 2011 – June 2011: 5-year proposals developed for the Project-X research program, exciting opportunities for further collaboration on rare processes, nuclear physics, and detector R&D.

22. Research Program Budget in the 12 th and 13 th Budget Proposals Sub-Projects12 th Plan (Rs. Crores)13 th Plan (Rs. Crores) Indian Infrastructure and Manpower Development 100 50 Neutrino Physics150100 Particle Production and Hyper Nuclei Experiments 60 30 Nuclear Physics75 Rare Decay25 Nuclear Energy100 Detector100 July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit ~$125M~$100M

23. Project-X is a next generation high intensity proton source that can deliver: July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Neutrinos: An after-burner for LBNE that reduces the tyranny of (Detector-Mass x Running-time) by x3, and a foundation for a Neutrino Factory. Rare Processes: Game-changing beam power and timing flexibility that can support a broad range of particle physics experiments. Lepton Collider: A platform for Muon Collider development. Energy Studies: A laboratory to develop enabling technologies. Prospects: International collaboration formed, strong bi-lateral collaboration with India. Ongoing substantial US (DOE) investments in R&D (Project-X + SRF + ILC) on Super Conducting RF accelerator technology supporting Project-X. Now Excellent near-term opportunities for collaborating on the research program!

24. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Spare Slides

25. Title notes for speaker July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Project-X in 5 years is 10e8(sec) x 10e-3(A) x 6x10e18 = 6x10e23 1 mole of protons…one gram of protons is accelerated to 95% of the speed of light (Tp=3 GeV) MINOS @ 9.5x10e20 POT, Project-X will be ~x1000 more protons to HEP Project-X can provide unprecedented beam power (x10-x100) in a very flexible time format to multiple experiments Slide 6: Corrections to Bhabha scattering…. Slide 15: Raman Sundrum (now at University of Maryland)

26. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Deepest Probe of the Flavor Problem: muon-to-electron Conversion Expt at Project-X Compositeness Second Higgs doublet Heavy Z’, Anomalous Z coupling Predictions at 10 -15 Supersymmetry Heavy Neutrinos Leptoquarks After W. Marciano 4

27. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit EDM measurements: BSM slayers Updated from Barr: Int. J. Mod Phys. A8 208 (1993) any positive signal is new physics … not SM Guy Savard, ANL

28. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Schiff moment of 199 Hg, de Jesus & Engel, PRC (2005) Schiff moment of 225 Ra, Dobaczewski & Engel, PRL (2005) Skyrme ModelIsoscalarIsovectorIsotensor SkM*15009001500 SkO’450240600 Enhancement Factor: EDM ( 225 Ra) / EDM ( 199 Hg) Enhancement mechanisms: Large intrinsic Schiff moment due to octupole deformation; Closely spaced parity doublet; Relativistic atomic structure. Haxton & Henley (1983) Auerbach, Flambaum & Spevak (1996) Engel, Friar & Hayes (2000) Enhanced EDM of 225 Ra       55 keV || || Parity doublet Guy Savard, ANL

29. Optimum Energy for ADS R&D July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit

30. Definitive Measurement of K   In the Project-X era the Fermilab P996 experiment would precisely measure the rate and form-factor of K +   The Project-X era presents an opportunity to measure the holy grail of kaon physics with precision: K L   July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit

31. The Window of Ultra-rare Kaon Decays at Project X Standard Model rate of 3 parts per 100 billion! Project will have sensitivity for 1000 SM events BSM particles within loops can increase the rate by x10 with respect to SM.

32. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Sensitivity of Kaon Physics Today CERN NA62: 100 x 10 -12 measurement sensitivity of K +  e + Fermilab KTeV: 20 x 10 -12 measurement sensitivity of K L   ee Fermilab KTeV: 20 x 10 -12 search sensitivity for K L   e,  e BNL E949: 20 x 10 -12 measurement sensitivity of K +    BNL E871: 1 x 10 -12 measurement sensitivity of K L  e + e - BNL E871: 1 x 10 -12 search sensitivity for K L   e Probing new physics above a 10 TeV scale with 20-50 kW of protons. Next goal: 1000-event   experiments...10 -14 sensitivity.

33. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Buras et al. SM accuracy of <5%, motivates 1000- event experiments Effect of Warped Extra Dimension Models on Branching Fractions

34. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Kaon Yields at Constant Beam Power GeV

35. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Validating Simulation Tools… Los Alamos + MARS simulation suite (LAQGSM + MARS15) is now a state of the art tool set to simulate the challenging region between 1-4 GeV/c proton beam momentum. [Gudima, Mokhov, Striganov] Validated against the high quality data sets from COSY. Data shown: Buscher et al (2004) ANKE experiment at COSY, absolutely normalized.

36. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit KOPIO inspired: Micro-bunch the beam, TOF determines K L momentum. Fully reconstruct the neutral Kaon in K L     measuring the Kaon momentum by time-of-flight. Start when proton beam hits the target End at the decay time and decay point reconstructed from the two photons. Timing uncertainty due to microbunch width should not dominate the measurement of the kaon momentum; requires RMS width < 200ps. CW linac pulse timing of less than 50ps is intrinsic.

37. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit K L   Experimental Challenge: “Nothing-in nothing out” KEK/JPARC approach emphasizes high acceptance for the two decay photons while vetoing everything else: A hermetic “bottle” approach. The original KOPIO concept measures the kaon momentum and photon direction…Good! But costs detector acceptance and requires a large beam to compensate. Project-X Flux can get back to small kaon beam!

38. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit KOPIO-AGS and Project-X kaon momentum spectra comparison KOPIO Proposal

39. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit 1300 km distance is a good compromise of mass-hierarchy and CP violation sensitivities Deep underground site allows rich physics program in addition to LB neutrinos Bob Svoboda, 4 th PXP Workshop

40. July 2011 Dr Grover's Fermialb visit Project-X Accelerator Functional Requirements CW Linac Particle TypeH - Beam Kinetic Energy3.0GeV Average Beam Current1mA Linac pulse rateCW Beam Power3000kW Beam Power to 3 GeV program2870kW RCS/Pulsed Linac Particle Typeprotons/H - Beam Kinetic Energy8.0GeV Pulse rate10Hz Pulse Width0.002/4.3msec Cycles to MI6 Particles per cycle to Recycler2.6  10 13 Beam Power to 8 GeV program300kW Main Injector/Recycler Beam Kinetic Energy (maximum)120GeV Cycle time1.4sec Particles per cycle1.6  10 14 Beam Power at 120 GeV2200kW simultaneous