1. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 1 Tomas Gergely Glen Langston National Academy of Sciences Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29, 2014

2. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 2 Spectrum Management Challenges 2014 - 2015 Spectrum protections and coordination for the new generation of broadband radio astronomy systems EVLA (1-50 GHz), ALMA (30 – 950 GHz), GBT (1-100 GHz), ARECIBO (e.g. 1.15-1.73 GHZ; 3-4 GHz) Hydrogen Era of Reionization Array (HERA) systems (MWA, SKA, etc.) & low-frequency systems (i.e., LWA) operate in some of the most crowded spectral regions – Require interference mitigation or excision Picosatellite systems (Cubesats) Increasingly used in research (Ionospheric research, astronomy) International issue, but even getting past national regulators is difficult World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-15) Many issues to follow –in large number of groups 2

3. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 3 Mm-wave issue: Car radars Allocation of 77.5-78 GHz to the radiolocation service for vehicular radars on WRC-15 Agenda Allocation is a near certainty (most of the world supportive, pressure from car industry) At the operational power levels envisioned (~ 5 Watts/radar) and millions of vehicles on the road, interference to radio telescopes (ALMA, GBT in US, Bonn in Europe, in Japan ) is certain NSF working for radio astronomy protection, maybe via a footnote 3

4. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 4 Radar at 76-81 GHz  Dense gas tracers in star-forming regions and nearby galaxies (HCN, HNC, HCO+ all at ~90GHz)  D-species in cold cloud cores (~70- 80GHz)  Astro/bio-chemistry (throughout the band)

5. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 5 Vehicular Radar in RAS bands

6. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 6 Primary 77 81 80 7978 76 75 GHz 6 RLS: Radio Location Service RAS: Radio Astronomy Service Amateur and Amateur Satellite Service Impact of ITU 77-81 GHz Spectrum Allocation Change Secondary Primary FCC 2012 76 GHz Band Radar79 GHz Band High-Resolution Radar ?

7. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 7 Mm-wave Mitigation How to protect radio telescopes? Exclusion zones require switching off radars Manually or Under (GPS) control? Exclusion zone radii ~ 30 km Opposed by car industry Additional issue: Harmonics? 2nd and 3rd harmonics fall in RA bands Expecting an FCC submission to WP7D for Oct 2014 ITU meeting New Radio Astronomer submission? 7

8. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 8 Other WRC issues Spectrum for Wireless Intra-Avionics Communication – replaces wiring of about 30% of aircraft Looking for approximately 250 MHz of spectrum So far, radio astronomy bands have been excluded from search Some wiring on the exterior of the aircraft unshielded Interference to broad band radio astronomy receivers is to be expected Boeing document studied WAIC systems at 22.5-22.55 and 23.55-23.6 GHz Can RAS contribute a study showing a different frequency range GHz is acceptable? Protection of Radio Astronomy in Space Russian Submission suggesting SRS protection. 8

9. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 9 Principal international activities Serve on U.S. delegations to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), specialized agency of the United Nations Goal: Protection for Astronomy at World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC) Participate in U.S. delegations to the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL), an entity of the Organization of American States Interface with international radio science/scientific spectrum management organizations, such as: European Science Foundation’s Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) Inter-Union Commission on Astronomy Frequencies (IUCAF) International Astronomical Union (IAU) International Union of Radio Science (URSI), among others

10. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 10 Quantitative Spectrum Sharing Radio Astronomy Experts need to quantify the contribution of RAS to Sharing Goal: RAS should receive fair benefits for sharing RAS bands Can CORF Experts define quantitative sharing?: Ie: Sharing a 6 MHz band nationwide for 20 hours is equivalent to a 120 MHz band for 1 hour Or Cash equivalent… Define ownership of bands in the same way as cell phone and TV stations frequency ranges are owned

11. Committee on Radio Frequencies May 29 th, 2014 11 Thanks for your Consideration Astro-chemistry Result from ALMA: Sakai et. al 2014, March 6, Nature. ALMA, JVLA and GBT all have recent Astro-chemistry results from observations in wide (often un-protected) frequency ranges.