1. Turks and Caicos Islands Impact of Development on Hazards and Vulnerabilities Dr Rufus W Ewing MBBS, FRCS DM

2. Geographic Location

4. Demography & Socio-Economic Status Population: 20,000 (2002 census) Population: 20,000 (2002 census) 43 Nationalities 43 Nationalities Unskilled Labour Force: Haiti & Dominican Republic Unskilled Labour Force: Haiti & Dominican Republic Main Industries: Tourism & Offshore Finance (about 70% of Revenue) Main Industries: Tourism & Offshore Finance (about 70% of Revenue)

5. Development: Historical Prospective Pre-1980 Pre-1980 –Salt Industry –Sisal Industry –Fishing Post-1980 Post-1980 –Tourism based industries/Development activities

6. Hazards Hurricane Hurricane –1945 –Donna (1960) –Kate Flood Flood ?Earthquake ?Earthquake Experiences Experiences

7. Salt Industry Compartmentalization of Natural drainage system Compartmentalization of Natural drainage system Poor maintenance of salt pan, drainage pathways and flood gates Poor maintenance of salt pan, drainage pathways and flood gates Increased vulnerability to flood Increased vulnerability to flood

8. Salt Pans

10. Tourism Development Activities Increase in work force and resultant Rapid population growth Increase in work force and resultant Rapid population growth –Legal & illegal immigration Port Activities Port Activities Airline arrivals Airline arrivals –Pre-1980: 2 per week –Present: >60 per week Construction boom Construction boom Cruise Ships Cruise Ships –2 arrivals per week to increase to 3/week –Expected arrivals of 500,000/yr by 2010

11. Vulnerabilities Rapid growth in population with: Rapid growth in population with: –Deficient/lack of effective surveillance systems –Substandard Housing and living conditions Hurricane resistant sound houses Hurricane resistant sound houses Lack of proper Liquid and solid waste disposal Lack of proper Liquid and solid waste disposal Inadequate water supplies Inadequate water supplies –Increase in communicable diseases

12. Vulnerabilities Depletion of fresh water table Depletion of fresh water table Desalination Plants to replace Water Catchment Cisterns Desalination Plants to replace Water Catchment Cisterns Impact of Marina development on water table-and drainage pattern Impact of Marina development on water table-and drainage pattern Reclaim of swamp land for development purposes and its effects on flooding Reclaim of swamp land for development purposes and its effects on flooding

16. Providenciales International Airport

17. Airport Vulnerability to Hazards Airline crash Airline crash Airport crash simulation exercises Airport crash simulation exercises Terrorism Terrorism Flooding Flooding Airport Disaster Plan Airport Disaster Plan Mass Casualty Plan Mass Casualty Plan

18. Cruise Ship Industry Legislations & Regulations Legislations & Regulations Port Health and Quarantine procedures Port Health and Quarantine procedures Vendors & Food handlers regulation Vendors & Food handlers regulation Communicable diseases Communicable diseases Sewage Management Sewage Management Coral Reef Degradation Coral Reef Degradation

22. Capacity Building Functional Capacity of Health Facilities in disasters-50 persons Functional Capacity of Health Facilities in disasters-50 persons Physicians -14 Physicians -14 Paramedics-0 Paramedics-0 EMT-0 EMT-0 First responders and Red Cross First responders and Red Cross Fire Service Fire Service

23. Natural Hazards Development Disaster Man-made Hazards Mitigation Capacity Building Inter-agency Collaboration & Response International Collaboration Evaluation Level of Preparedness