1.  Discuss key points from Tutorials 1-4 o Cell references o Formulas o Functions o Formatting o Conditional formatting o Charts

2.  Computer program used to enter, store, analyze, and present quantitative data  Creates electronic versions of spreadsheets o Collection of text and numbers laid out in a grid  Displays values calculated from data  Allows what-if analysis o Ability to change values in a spreadsheet and assess the effect they have on calculated values 2

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5.  A workbook can have two kinds of sheets: o Worksheet contains a grid of rows and columns into which user enters data o Chart sheet provides visual representation of data For detailed charts that need more space to be seen clearly or to show a chart without any worksheet text or data Do not contain worksheet cells for calculating numeric values  Cell reference identifies column/row location 5

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7.  To make data easier to read: o Modify size of columns and rows in a worksheet  To modify size of columns or rows: o Drag border to resize o Double-click border to autofit o Format the Cells group to specify 7

8.  Deleting and clearing a row or column o Deleting removes both the data and the cells o Clearing removes the data, leaving blank cells where data had been 8

9.  Range reference indicates location and size of a cell range o Adjacent (A1:G5) o Nonadjacent (A1:A5;F1:G5)  Selecting a range o Work with all cells in the range as a group  Moving and copying a range o Drag and drop o Cut and paste 9

10.  Formula o An expression that returns a value o Written using operators that combine different values, resulting in a single displayed value 10

11.  Entering a formula o Click cell where you want formula results to appear o Type = and an expression that calculates a value using cell references and arithmetic operators Cell references allow you to change values used in the calculation without having to modify the formula itself o Press Enter or Tab to complete the formula 11

12.  Order of precedence o Set of predefined rules used to determine sequence in which operators are applied in a calculation 12

13.  Function o Named operation that returns a value o Simplifies a formula, reducing a long formula into a compact statement; for example, to add values in the range A1:A10: Enter the long formula: =A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8+A9+A10 - or - Use the SUM function to accomplish the same thing: =SUM(A1:A10) 13

14.  Fast, convenient way to enter commonly used functions  Includes buttons to quickly insert/generate: o Sum of values in column or row (SUM) o Average value in column or row (AVERAGE) o Total count of numeric values in column or row (COUNT) o Minimum value in column or row (MIN) o Maximum value in column or row (MAX) 14

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17.  To record and analyze data o Enter data in cells in a worksheet o Reference the cells with data in formulas that perform calculations on that data  Types of cell references o Relative o Absolute o Mixed 17

18.  Cell reference as it appears in worksheet (B2)  Always interpreted in relation (relative) to the location of the cell containing the formula  Changes when the formula is copied to another group of cells  Allows quick generation of row/column totals without revising formulas 18

19.  Cell reference that remains fixed when the formula is copied to a new location  Have a $ before each column and row designation ($B$2)  Enter values in their own cells; reference the appropriate cells in formulas in the worksheet o Reduces amount of data entry o When a data valued is changed, all formulas based on that cell are updated to reflect the new value 19

20.  Contain both relative and absolute references  “Lock” one part of the cell reference while the other part can change  Have a $ before either the row or column reference ($B2 or B$2) 20

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22.  Relative references o Repeat same formula with cells in different locations  Absolute references o Different formulas to refer to the same cell  Mixed references o Seldom used other than when creating tables of calculated values  Use F4 key to cycle through different types of references 22

23.  Quick way to calculate summary data  Every function follows a set of rules (syntax) that specifies how the function should be written  General syntax of all Excel functions  Square brackets indicate optional arguments 23

24.  Advantage of using cell references: o Values used in the function are visible to users and can be easily edited as needed  Functions can also be placed inside another function, or nested (must include all parentheses) 24

25.  When you select a function, the Function Arguments dialog box opens, listing all arguments associated with that function 25

26.  Use the fill handle to copy a formula and conditional formatting o More efficient than two-step process of copying and pasting  By default, AutoFill copies both content and formatting of original range to selected range 26

27.  Logical functions o Build decision-making capability into a formula o Work with statements that are either true or false  Excel supports many different logical functions, including the IF function 27

28.  Comparison operator o Symbol that indicates the relationship between two values 28

29. 29  Returns one value if a statement is true and returns a different value if that statement is false  IF (logical_test, [value_if_true,] [value_if_false])

30.  For scheduling or determining on what days of the week certain dates occur 30

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32.  Cost of a loan to the borrower is largely based on three factors: o Principal: amount of money being loaned o Interest: amount added to the principal by the lender Calculated as simple interest or as compound interest o Time required to pay back the loan 32

33. 33 FunctionUse to determine… FV (future value)How much an investment will be worth after a series of monthly payments at some future time PMT (payment)How much you have to spend each month to repay a loan or mortgage within a set period of time IPMT (interest payment) How much of your monthly loan payment is used to pay the interest PPMT (principal payment) How much of your monthly loan payment is used for repaying the principal PV (present value)Largest loan or mortgage you can afford given a set monthly payment NPER (number of periods) How long it will take to pay off a loan with constant monthly payments

34.  Formatting o Process of changing workbook’s appearance by defining fonts, styles, colors, and graphical effects Only the appearance of data changes, not data itself o Enhances readability and appeal o Live Preview shows the effects of formatting options before you apply them  Themes o Named collections of formatting effects 34

35.  Presents formats available from Home tab in a different way and provides more choices  Six tabs, each focusing on different options: o Number o Alignment o Font o Border o Fill o Protection 35

36.  Copying formats with Format Painter o Fast and efficient way of maintaining a consistent look and feel throughout a workbook o Copies formatting without duplicating data 36

37.  Use Paste Special to control exactly how to paste the copied range 37

38.  Goal of highlighting: Provide strong visual clue of important data or results  Format applied to a cell depends upon value or content of the cell  Dynamic: If cell’s value changes, cell’s format also changes as needed  Excel has four conditional formats: data bars, highlighting, color scales, and icon sets 38

39.  Each conditional format has a set of rules that define how formatting should be applied and under what conditions format will be changed 39

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42.  Range of values (scale) of an axis is based on values in data source  Vertical (value) axis: range of series values  Horizontal (category) axis: category values  Primary and secondary axes can use different scales and labels  Add descriptive axis titles if axis labels are not self- explanatory (default is no titles) 42

43.  Keep it simple  Focus on the message  Limit the number of data series  Use gridlines in moderation  Choose colors carefully  Limit chart to a few text styles 43

44. 44 ChartWhen to Use Pie chartsSmall number of categories; easy to distinguish relative sizes of slices Column or bar chart Several categories Line chartsCategories follow a sequential order XY scatter charts To plot two numeric values against one another Custom chartAvailable charts don’t meet your needs