1. Chapter Three The Colonies Come of Age

2. Section 1: England and Its Colonies Prosper Mercantilism Mercantilism—countries must get gold, silver to be self-sufficient –English colonies export raw materials to England; import manufactured goods –Favorable balance of trade means more gold coming in than going out

3. England and Its Colonies Prosper The Navigation Acts England sees colonial sales to other countries as economic threat In 1651, Parliament—England’s legislative body, passes Navigation Acts: laws restrict colonial trade King Charles II takes away Massachusetts colony’s charter

4. England Loosens the Reins Salutary Neglect - does not enforce laws strictly to avoid problems with colonists

5. The Seeds of Self-Government Colonies form local assemblies Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary Colonists still consider themselves British but want self-government Sir Edmund Andros, British colonial governor in America.

6. Economic Development of the Colonies Chapter 3 Sections 2-3 Pgs.72-84 Using a “foldable” create a chart that shows how each of the sections of the colonies developed differently

7. Section 2: The Rural Southern Economy Fertile soil leads to growth of agriculture Farmers specialize in cash crops grown for sale Long, deep rivers allow planters to ship goods directly to markets Plantations produce most of what farmers need on their property Few cities grow

8. Yellow-Least fertile soil Light Green- Moderately Fertile Dark Green- Most fertile NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES SOUTHERN COLONIES

9. A Diverse and Prosperous People -In 1700s, many German, Scots, Scots-Irish immigrants settle in South, Southern population mostly small farmers Quechee Scottish Festival in Vermont.

10. The Evolution of Slavery Plantations require large labor force Indentured servants –too few and costly Slave labor seen as answer to labor problem

11. The European Slave Trade 3-way triangular trade connects Africa, Europe, and American colonies

12. The Middle Passage Middle Passage- voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas –Up to 20% die on voyage over Middle Passage

13. African slaves on the deck of a ship in 1860.

14. The European Slave Trade

15. Interactive Map: Triangular Trade Routes Click on the link for interactive map of Triangular trade Complete the activity with this slide.

16. Slavery in the South and African Culture Most slaves work plantation fields 10-20% work in houses Africans manage to keep their culture alive-music, dance-ring shout, art

17. Gullah…. http://www.knowitall.org/gullahtales/ Listen to the Gullah…..

18. Section 3: Commerce Grows in the North Diversified Economy Cold winters, rocky soil restrict New Englanders to small farms Middle colonies raise livestock, crops; export surplus Diverse commercial economy develops in New England, middle colonies By mid-1700s, merchants are powerful group in North

19. Witchcraft in Salem In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, 2 girls accuse a West Indian Slave woman of being a witch Witch hunt hysteria begins Result: 19 hanged, 1 crushed, 4-5 die in prison, 150 put in jail "Examination of a Witch" in Salem.

20. New Ideas Influence the Colonists For centuries philosophers used reason, science to explain world Enlightenment— movement in 1700s emphasizing reason, observation –Enlightenment ideas spread quickly through books, pamphlets –Benjamin Franklin embraces Enlightenment ideas

21. New Ideas Influence the Colonists The Great Awakening - religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s –Jonathan Edwards preaches people are sinful, must seek God’s mercy –Native Americans, African Americans, colonists join new churches –Interest in learning increases; Protestants found colleges Both movements question authority, stress individual’s importance

22. Section 4: The French and Indian War- Britain and France compete In 1608, 1 st permanent settlement- Quebec-established In 1750s, Britain, France build empires; both want Ohio River Valley French colonists mostly fur traders, missionary priests French have good relations, military alliances with natives

24. French and Indian War: Britain Defeats an Old Enemy War begins over land Native Americans join the French because they believe it will help them get their land back. George Washington is the leader of the colonial forces that helps the British to defeat the French.

25. Results of the war Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763 - France forced to give up all land in North America - Britain agrees to keep colonists out of land in the Ohio River Valley with the Proclamation of 1763 – hoped that this would satisfy the Native Americans, but it creates tension with colonists

27. British get tough with Colonists Britain needs money to pay for war-Begin to crackdown on smuggling Enforces navigation laws Troops stationed in colonies New taxes are imposed to pay for the war Writs of Assistance – allows British to search colonial property w/o a warrant