1. 1 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING? Bruce C. Wheeler, Interim Head Bioengineering Department University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2. 2 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Bioengineering is Exceptionally Diverse While viewing the next dozen slides, try to identify the kinds of knowledge needed to work on the projects. You should conclude that no one is able to learn more than a fraction of what is called bioengineering. Consequently, you should be aware of this breadth, but focus on the area of greatest interest to you.

3. 3 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What is Bioengineering? Any Area of Biology Mixed with Any Area of Engineering In Any Proportion

4. 4 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Example: Magnetic Resonance Imaging –Electrical Engineers: electromagnetics –Computer Engineers/Scientists: computation –Physiologists: biological function –Chemists: new imaging agents –Psychologists: mental function –Physicians: medical implications

5. 5 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 More Bioengineering Examples Artificial Skin –Materials Scientist: artificial polymers –Cell Biologist: tissue reaction EKG Machine –Engineers: electronics –CS: automated diagnosis –Physician: medical design Pharmaceutical Production –Molecular Biologist: receptor / ligand identification –Genetic Engineer: induce bacteria to produce molecules –Chemical Engineer: scaleup of production

6. 6 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology Materials Science: Implants (e.g. artificial hip) Electrical Engineering: Cardiac Signals Computer Science: computer data bases, programs, bioinformatics Computer Engineering: computer design for CAT scanners Physics: basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

7. 7 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology Chemical Engineering: Pharmaceuticals Mechanical Engineering: Rehabilitation Devices Nuclear Engineering: Radiology Civil Engineering: Environmental problems Agricultural Engineering: Food Processing

8. 8 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Areas Emerging in “Engineering of Biology” –Bioinformatics (Genetic / Proteomic Data Base, Design, Inquiry) –BioMolecular Modeling –Genetic Engineering of Animals –Genetic Engineering of Proteins, Drugs –Cell and Tissue Engineering –Neural Engineering –Biomaterials

9. 9 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Programs Related to Bioengineering Environmental Engineering –Sponsored by the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering (http://cee.ce.uiuc.edu/)http://cee.ce.uiuc.edu/ –Includes water, soil, air quality control and protection Agricultural and Biological Engineering –Sponsored by the Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (http://www.age.uiuc.edu/)http://www.age.uiuc.edu/ –Includes food processing, farm and indoor environmental control

10. 10 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 More Programs Related to Bioengineering Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering Department and Degree Program Biomaterials concentration in Materials Science and Engineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and Degree Program

11. 11 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What Do I Need to Study to be a Bioengineer? Short Answer #1: Everything Short Answer #2: Depends -- on what interests you most

12. 12 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What Do I Need to Study? Mathematics –Calculus through Differential Equations Physics (calculus based) –Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Modern Physics Chemistry –Through Organic and Biochemistry Biology –Strong in Molecular Biology, but also Cellular and Systems Physiology

13. 13 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What Do I Need to Study? Traditional Approaches #1 and #2 Choose one major and one minor from traditional disciplines: –1. Engineering Side: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical, Chemical, Materials, Nuclear, Computer Science … –2. Life Science Side: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Physiology, Cell Biology, Microbiology … Anticipate possible need for one more year to double major to achieve career objectives

14. 14 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Major in the area you like better... "If you could be either an engineer or a biologist, but not both, which would it be?" –Major in that field... and minor in the other. –Yes, you can go to Biomed. Eng. grad school from either the Life Sciences or Engineering –… but not if you do not have the basics … calculus, physics, chem, biochem, at least some beginning engineering coursework and some beginning life science coursework

15. 15 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Approach #3: Bioengineering Degree UIUC for the Class of 2008, 2009 Math, physics, chemistry, biology core, CS Bioengineering Core: –Instrumentation/circuits, biomaterials, biomechanics Concentration in one of: –Engineering discipline: EE, ME, … –Life science discipline: Physiology, Cell Biology … –Topical area: microsensors, bioinformatics, tissue engineering, … Anticipate possible need for an extra year to receive the MS degree to achieve career objectives

16. 16 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Why the Extra Year of Study? There’s too much to learn in four years Four years will prepare you for: –Graduate school –Medical school (if courses are well-chosen) –Engineering in a traditional major, including applications in biomedical area –Life science positions, including applications with significant engineering components But not for: –Bioengineering positions in which advanced knowledge in both life science and engineering are required

17. 17 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 General Recommendations Essential Preparation Includes: –Science Fundamentals: Chem, Biol, Physics, Math –Academic Concentration: a major in an engineering discipline or in Molecular and Cellular Biology –Enthusiasm: junior / senior research project Existing majors will launch students into bioengineering careers, medical or graduate school

18. 18 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What Can Traditional Engineering Students Study in the Bioengineering Related Areas? Major in: MatSE (biomaterials concentration), NucE (radiology curriculum), ChemE (molecular biology option coming soon), EE (lots of BioE/ECE electives), Gen Eng (BioE secondary field), CS (application sequences in Bio, Biochem), ME, Aero, TAM... Minor in Bioengineering (21 hrs)

19. 19 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Notes for Engineering Students who want to study Bioengineering Don’t forget to take enough Chemistry If you have AP credit for Chem 102/103, talk to the Chemistry advisors about lab experiences and how best to prepare for Organic Chem and Biochem AP Biology Credit does not cover the minor but it is better preparation than having taken nothing MCB 103 (Human Physiology) and MCB 150 are good courses to find out if you like biology enough to pursue bioengineering Look at what the MCB students take to understand how much biology you need

20. 20 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Medical School for Engineers Yes, many Engineers do so. Acceptance rates are good, but medical school is very competitive. If you only want to go to med school, choose LAS Biology. Premeds dominate Bioengineering Degree Programs across the U.S. See the Career Services Office Immediately to Plan your Courses, Volunteering, Etc.

21. 21 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 What Can LAS Life Science Students Study in Bioengineering Related Areas? Major in Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Emphasis in Bioinformatics –Calculus, Physics, Chem (thru Biochem) –Biology (16 hours; molecular bio emphasis) –Computation/Modeling electives (9) Consult with Life Science Advising Office About Ways to Tailor your Coursework toward Bioengineering Other emphases: cell & develop. biology, physiology, biophysics, microbiology For students who entered in 2000 or earlier: Bioengineering Option in Life Sciences curriculum http://www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/undergraduate/index.html

22. 22 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Notes for LAS Life Science Students Who Wish to Pursue Bioengineering Take calculus based physics – 211/212/213/214 An incomplete list of engineering related courses you should consider taking: BIOE related: BIOE 414/415 Bioinstrumentation; BIOE 475, 417 Neural Modeling; BIOE 280/480 Medical Imaging, MRI; BIOE 471 Biomaterials; BIOE 406 Biomechanics; CHBE 472/473 Biomolecular Engr; Engineering Basics: ECE 205/6 Circuits/Lab; ECE 473/474 Acoustics/Ultrasonics; CS 101/110/125/225/257/400/411 beginning thru data bases and numerical techniques; PHYS 404/405 Electronic Circuits; TAM 210/211/212 Mechanics fundamentals; MSE 280 Intro to Materials Remember that most BS Bioengineering degree students take at least 30 hours of engineering courses beyond physics, calculus, chem

23. 23 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for MCB Students Consider Bioinformatics/Computational Biology or Biophysics Emphasis (approx. 75 hours) Take calculus based Physics (211,212,213,214) and calculus through Dif Eq (220,230,242,385) General Education: 25 hours additional Remaining: 20 to 30 hours for electives including building a bioengineering concentration Take CS 101 and CS 400 (7 hrs; non-CS majors) For reference: Min Hours to Graduate: LAS 120; Engrg 128 (typical).

24. 24 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for New MCB Students: Focused Use of Electives Minor in Engineering (an unauthorized proposal) Prerequisites: Math 220/230/242/385 Physics 211/212/213/214 Chem 102/103/104/105 Courses for the Minor: ECE 205/206 Electronic Circuits CS 101, 400 Programming, Data Structures TAM 210, 212 Statics & Dynamics ME 300 or MATSE 401 Thermodynamics MATSE 280 Intro Materials

25. 25 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for MCB Students: Focused Use of Electives ECE/BioEn Emphasis Take as many as possible … ECE 205 (3 hrs; Circuits), GE 320 (4 hrs; Control Systems) BioEn 414/415 (3/2 hrs; Bioinstrumentation & Lab) ECE 473 (3 hrs; Acoustics) ECE 475 (3 hrs; Modeling Biological Systems) Total: 18 hours

26. 26 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for MCB Students: Focused Use of Electives MechE/BioEn Emphasis Take as many as possible … TAM 211/212/251 (3/3/3 hrs; Statics/Dynamics/ Solid Mechanics) ME 498 EH1 (3 hrs; Modeling of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics) Bioen 406 (3 hrs; Orthopedic Biomechanics) Bioen 461 (4 hrs; Cellular Biomechanics) Bioen 471 (3 hrs; Biomaterials) Total: 22 hours

27. 27 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for MCB Students: Focused Use of Electives Biomaterials Emphasis Take as many as possible … MatSE 201/206 (3/4 hrs; Phase Relations/ Mechanics) MatSE 401/406 (4/3 hrs; Thermodynamics) MatSE 470/472 (3/1 hrs; Design of Biomaterials / Lab) MatSE 473 (3 hrs; Biomolecular Mat. Sci.) Total: 21 hours

28. 28 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 Suggestions for MCB Students: Focused Use of Electives Life Science Emphases Take as many as possible … Choose additional courses from the Emphases in Physiology, Cell & Structural Biology or Microbiology Engineering or Computer Science Emphases Pick an Existing Engineering Major Take as many as possible of the courses in that major – typically you will be able to take sophomore and junior level courses

29. 29 UIUC BioEngineering Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September 2005 For more information Bioengineering Student Society EMBS = Engineering in Medicine and Biology -- get on the Email List Today! Bioengineering Office 3120 DCL 1304 W. Springfield Urbana IL 61801 333-1867 bioen@uiuc.edu